姚家岭锌金多金属矿床围岩蚀变三维空间定量分析研究

姚家岭锌金多金属矿床是近年来在长江中下游成矿带铜陵矿集区新发现的大型多金属矿床。姚家岭锌金多金属矿床的成矿作用具有多阶段性的特点,矿床范围内围岩蚀变强烈,蚀变类型复杂多样。三维地质信息技术及三维空间分析方法为定量化分析围岩蚀变的空间分布以及与矿化之间的相关关系提供了有利工具。本文基于上述方法,有效地对姚家岭锌金多金属矿床的围岩蚀变的分带性及其与不同矿化之间的关联性行了定量分析。较之于传统研究方法,不仅能快速地对蚀变与矿化的分布特征进行分析,还能从定量的角度获取不同信息之间的规律性和相关性。本文采用的相关方法不但有助于更准确的判定蚀变分带及规律,还可为矿床的成矿模式及找矿模型的建立提供定量化的数据支持。     

A new MODIS daffy cloud free snow cover mapping algorithm on the Tibetan Plateau

Because of similar reflective characteristics of snow and cloud, the weather status seriously affects snow monitoring using optical remote sensing data. Cloud amount analysis during 2010 to 2011 snow seasons shows that cloud cover is the major limitation for snow cover monitoring using MOD10A1 and MYD10A1. By use of MODIS daily snow cover products and AMSR-E snow wa- ter equivalent products （SWE）, several cloud elimination methods were integrated to produce a new daily cloud flee snow cover product, and information of snow depth from 85 climate stations in Tibetan Plateau area （TP） were used to validate the accuracy of the new composite snow cover product. The results indicate that snow classification accuracy of the new daily snow cover product reaches 91.7% when snow depth is over 3 cm. This suggests that the new daily snow cover mapping algorithm is suitable for monitoring snow cover dynamic changes in TP.     

宁中白云母二长花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

宁中白云母二长花岗岩出露于拉萨地块中部,应用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,得到锆石壳部加权平均年龄值分别为190±8Ma、193±7Ma和191±10Ma,代表成岩年龄,属早侏罗世侵入岩;核部的继承锆石年龄值大体可分为2部分:300～500Ma为古生代基底锆石;1000～1500Ma为元古宙基底锆石,个别测点得到2160Ma和2356Ma的古老年龄值,反映源岩比较复杂,并提供了拉萨地块存在中元古-古元古代结晶基底的年龄信息。岩石化学分析结果表明:白云母二长花岗岩的SiO_2为73．14%～78．12%、K_2O为3．42%～5．72%,K_2O＞Na_2 O,AL/CNK为1．22～1．42,刚玉标准分子含量为3．18%～4．69%,属典型的强过铝花岗岩。微量元素Rb含量特别高(410×10~(-6)～737×10~(-6)),Sr含量低(9．2×10~(-6)～49．0×10~(-6)),Ba含量低(20．8×10~(-6)～127×10~(-6));稀土总量低,∑REE为38．59×10~(-6)～97．84×10~(-6),铕亏损中等—强烈(δEu=0．22～0．62);同位素比值~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr为1．150900～0．861037,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd为0．511879～0．511993,反映岩浆主要来自于上部地壳泥质岩石的部分熔融。宁中白云母二长花岗岩属于S型花岗岩,形成于同碰撞构造环境,成岩时代为早侏罗世,应属于冈底斯构造带印支造山旋回晚期碰撞阶段的产物,对它的综合研究有助于进一步认识和研究冈底斯构造带的历史和构造演化过程。     

安徽铜陵姚家岭锌金多金属矿床成岩成矿年代学研究

姚家岭锌金多金属矿床位于铜陵断隆区与繁昌断凹区的过渡部位,是长江中下游成矿带新近发现的大型锌金多金属矿床,也是铜陵矿集区中迄今发现的首例大型锌金多金属矿床。在详细野外地质工作及室内研究的基础上,对姚家岭矿床花岗闪长斑岩体开展了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年工作,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为141.4±1.7Ma(MSWD=0.78,n=19),代表成岩年龄;选取了该矿床金属矿物辉钼矿进行Re-Os同位素测年,获得模式年龄范围为141.2±2.1Ma~141.6±2.7Ma,平均年龄为141.4±2.4Ma,可代表热液成矿作用的时代,与成岩年龄一致。姚家岭锌金多金属矿床为早白垩世早期岩浆热液作用形成的,是铜陵断隆区燕山期大规模成矿作用的产物,铜陵断隆区具有进一步寻找锌金矿床的有利前景。     

Spatial prediction and analysis of Himalayan marmot plague natural epidemic foci in China based on HJ-1 satellite data

Plague, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis, is a serious and rapidly progressing illness in humans that can be fatal if not treated effectively. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest area of natural Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) plague foci in China and covers more than 630000 km². Akesai County in Gansu Province is a part of this natural focus of plague and was chosen as a study area. Our study used an ecological niche modeling (ENM) approach to predict the potential distribution of the Himalayan marmot. Environment and Disaster Monitor Satellite (HJ-1) data was used to investigate environment factors that affect plague host animal activity. Host animal point data from active surveillance was combined with environmental variables from the HJ-1 satellite and other databases, and the models of the potential distribution of Himalayan marmot were produced with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production (GARP). The probability of marmot presence was divided into 0–5%, 5%–20%, 20%–40%, 40%–80%, and 80%–100% subgroups. Areas with 80%-100% probability exhibited the greatest potential for the presence of Himalayan marmot. According to the predicted potential distribution of Himalayan marmot in the study area, active surveillance of plague hosts and plague control and prevention could be more efficient.     

Quantitative estimation of the shrub canopy LAI from atmosphere-corrected HJ-1 CCD data in Mu Us Sandland

The leaf area index (LAI) is an important ecological parameter that characterizes the interface between vegetation canopy and the atmosphere. In addition, it is used by most process-oriented ecosystem models. This paper investigates the potential of HJ-1 CCD data combined with linear spectral unmixing and an inverted geometric-optical model for the retrieval of the shrub LAI in Wushen Banner of Inner Mongolia in the Mu Us Sandland. MODTRAN (Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Radiance and Transmittance Model) was used for atmospheric correction. Shrubland was extracted using the threshold of the normalized difference vegetation index, with which water bodies and farmland were separated, in combination with a vegetation map of the People’s Republic of China (1:1000000). Using the geometric-optical model, we derive the per-pixel reflectance as a simple linear combination of two components, namely sunlit background and other. The fraction of sunlit background is related to the shrub LAI. With the support of HJ-1 CCD data, we employ linear spectral unmixing to obtain the fraction of sunlit background in an atmospherically corrected HJ image. In addition, we use the measured shrub canopy structural parameters for shrub communities to invert the geometric-optical model and retrieve the pixel-based shrub LAI. In total, 18 sample plots collected in Wushen Banner of Inner Mongolia are used for validation. The results of the shrub LAI show good agreement with R ² of 0.817 and a root-mean-squared error of 0.173.     

浅海微孔泥晶碳酸盐岩储层研究进展

微孔泥晶灰岩储层是一种重要的油气储层类型,尤其是对于中东地区白垩系碳酸盐岩储层,这明显不同于典型碳酸盐岩储层—古风化壳型岩溶储层、礁滩相储层及层状白云岩储层等三大类型。泥晶基质具有致密镶嵌结构和白垩质结构两种结构类型。泥晶晶体具有微菱形、圆形和它形三种晶体形态,以圆形泥晶储层物性最好,微菱形泥晶储层其次,它形泥晶为致密储层。微孔（直径小于10 μm）是泥晶基质中孔隙的主体,除此还发育铸模孔、海绵状基质溶孔和溶蚀沟道等。微孔的形成主要受原始矿物组分和成岩条件的共同制约:低镁方解石灰泥是微孔泥晶灰岩形成的先决原始矿物条件,相对矿物学稳定性可促进原始组构包括原生晶间微孔的保存。特殊的成岩环境是微孔泥晶灰岩发育的必要改造条件,泥晶灰岩中孔隙的形成是早期浅层埋藏下大气淡水淋滤及埋藏成岩期间有机酸溶蚀作用等两期溶蚀叠加的结果。在浅埋藏淡水透镜体内,方解石次生加大（奥斯特瓦尔德成熟过程）形成了沉积物早期胶结,防止压实的同时部分保留了原始结构和晶间微孔网络,还通过消除小晶体提高了渗透性;淡水选择性淋滤也形成了较广泛发育的铸模孔。在埋藏成岩过程中,有机酸性流体溶蚀作用形成海绵状基质溶孔及溶蚀沟道,也导致了圆形泥晶晶体的形成。     

安徽繁昌盆地南缘构造特征与控矿规律研究

繁昌盆地作为长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分,与特提斯、太平洋两大构造体制的转换密切相关,是研究中国东部中生代构造-盆地-岩浆-成矿内在联系和时-空关系的天然实验室.繁昌盆地南缘位于长江中下游转换构造结内,具有三级构造控矿特征:①铜陵-南陵断裂带是一级控矿构造,是区内多金属矿床的导矿构造和储矿构造;②燕山期叠加褶皱是二级控矿构造,控制着成矿热液的运移和就位;③含矿地质体是三级控矿构造,是良好的导矿和储矿空间.印支期和燕山期构造活动为姚家岭多金属矿成矿流体运移提供了良好的通道和就位空间:①导岩构造主要是铜陵-南陵大型断裂带;②导矿构造包括铜陵-南陵破碎带、构造透镜体间的空隙带、含矿透镜体内的褶皱岩层面、层间破碎带、平行褶皱枢纽的裂隙等;③储矿构造主要为含矿透镜体的上下边界、透镜体内的褶皱岩层面、层间破碎带、平行褶皱枢纽裂隙等.     

A new MODIS daily cloud free snow cover mapping algorithm on the Tibetan Plateau

Because of similar reflective characteristics of snow and cloud, the weather status seriously affects snow monitoring using optical remote sensing data. Cloud amount analysis during 2010 to 2011 snow seasons shows that cloud cover is the major limitation for snow cover monitoring using MOD10A1 and MYD10A1. By use of MODIS daily snow cover products and AMSR-E snow water equivalent products (SWE), several cloud elimination methods were integrated to produce a new daily cloud free snow cover product, and information of snow depth from 85 climate stations in Tibetan Plateau area (TP) were used to validate the accuracy of the new composite snow cover product. The results indicate that snow classification accuracy of the new daily snow cover product reaches 91.7% when snow depth is over 3 cm. This suggests that the new daily snow cover mapping algorithm is suitable for monitoring snow cover dynamic changes in TP.