The hydrothermal karstification and its effect on Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin,Northwest China

With a detailed study on petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of some important Ordovician carbonate well core samples in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, the distinguishing symbols of hydrothermal karstification are first put forward as the phenomena of rock hot depigmentation, hot cataclasm and the appearance of typical hydrothermal minerals such as fluorite, barite, pyrite, quartz and sphalerite. The main homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions in fluorite are from 260 to 310°C, indicating the temperature of hydrothermal fluid. The fluid affected the dissolved rocks and showed typical geochemistry features with low contents of Na and Mg, and high contents of Fe, Mn and Si. The ratio of ³He/⁴He is 0.02R _a, indicating the fluid from the typical continental crust. The hydrothermal fluid karstification pattern may be described as follows: the hot fluid is from the Permian magma, containing dissolving ingredients of CO₂ and H₂S, and shifts along fault, ruptures and unconformity, and dissolves the surrounding carbonates while it flows. The mechanism of hydrothermal karstification is that the mixture of two or more fluids, which have different ion intensity and pH values, becomes a new unsaturated fluid to carbonates. The hydrothermal karstification is an important process to form hypo-dissolved pinholes in Ordovician carbonates of Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, and the forming of hydrothermal minerals also has favorable influence on carbonate reservoirs.

     

一种改进的重力梯度全张量数据的边界识别方法

边界识别是重力资料解释中的一项重要任务.随着重力梯度测量技术的迅速发展,重力梯度张量数据在边界识别中的应用越来越广泛.本文重点研究了随着深度的增加,边界识别能力下降,正负异常中出现假边缘的问题.另外,有些边缘检测方法对走向不同的地质体识别能力有所差异.本文对基于重力梯度张量的水平方向Theta法进行改进,通过选择合适的阈值来减少虚假异常,提出了一种改进的重力梯度全张量数据的边界识别方法(IED).通过模型试验的对比,证明该方法不再受地质构造走向的影响,对不同深度的地质体边缘检测清晰、连续,且正负异常之间无虚假边界.最后,将该方法应用于加拿大圣乔治湾的重力梯度张量资料,其结果显示了更多的地质细节.     

基于局部倾斜叠加的快速射线束叠前时间偏移

宽方位高密度地震勘探可以有效的提高地震资料的空间分辨率和裂缝预测的精度,但地震道数的增加也大幅度提升了地震数据的处理成本.为提高海量地震数据偏移处理的计算效率,本文发展了一种快速射线束叠前时间偏移方法.该方法首先根据给定的射线束中心间隔将炮记录划分为一系列数据子集,然后利用倾斜叠加将数据子集分解为不同方向的平面波,最后根据射线束中心到地下成像点的双程走时和射线参数拾取相应的平面波振幅累加到成像点上.同Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移相比,本文方法不但保持了一致的成像精度,且由于仅需在稀疏的射线束中心位置进行成像累加运算,计算效率得到了大幅度的提升.文中所给出的模型和实际资料的测试结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性.     

青海共和盆地东北缘中-新生代热演化史:来自沟后杂岩体及当家寺岩体的低温热年代学证据

青藏高原东北部中-新生代隆升初始的时间、位置多有争议。共和盆地处于秦岭、祁连、昆仑造山带的结合部,是研究盆-山耦合、构造热演化的理想位置。新近在盆地东北部发现了异常高温的干热岩体,其热源机制和经历的热历史过程是进一步地热藏开发的关键。本文对盆地东北缘青海南山和沟后杂岩体以及盆地内瓦里贡-过马营隆起的当家寺岩体进行了系统的低温热年代学分析,以追溯该区经历的热历史。磷灰石裂变径迹和（U-Th）/He模拟结果显示,当家寺岩体和沟后杂岩体自三叠纪结晶以来,在侏罗纪-白垩纪,经历200~150Ma和135~100Ma两期快速冷却抬升,可能与羌塘地体和拉萨地体依次向北碰撞拼接在青藏高原东北部的远程效应有关。裂变径迹和（U-Th）/He模拟结果显示,沟后杂岩体记录到晚中新世（15~5Ma）的快速冷却事件,而盆地东部当家寺岩体的样品未记录到该期的快速冷却事件,可能是北倾的青海南山南缘逆冲断裂晚新生代再活动使得沟后杂岩体在新近纪晚期快速隆升造成,而当家寺岩体主要受右行走滑-逆冲的瓦里贡断裂的控制,并未发生该时期的快速冷却抬升事件。因此,青藏高原东北部差异隆升、热历史过程不仅受区域构造作用的控制,也明显受不同时期的活动断裂及古地貌的影响。共和盆地东北缘露头岩体热历史过程未见到明显的中新世以来的增热现象,与共和盆地内干热岩存在的增热特征不同。     

Sequence framework of two different kinds of margins and their response to tectonic activity during the Middle-Late Triassic,Ordos Basin

Two kinds of margin respectively occur in the Ordos Basin during the Middle-Late Triassic (Yanchang Age), one is foreland margin developed under the background of flexural subsidence by thrusting intensively in the southwest margin, and the other is intracratonic basin margin by stable subsidence in northern and central parts of the basin. The Middle-Late Triassic Yanchang Formation can be divided into four regional third-order sequences, which are separated by gentle angular unconformity or regional erosion surface, made up of lowstand system tract (LST), expanding system tract (EST) and highstand system tract (HST) from lower to upper within a sequence. But there are distinct differences of the sequence framework between the southwest margin and northern and central parts of the basin. The southwest margin develops heavy conglomerate layer and unconformity as a result of orogeny by thrusting, and the intracratonic basin margin by stable subsidence in the northern and central parts grows aggradational sandstone, conglomerate in fluvio-delta system and parallel unconformity. The depositional framework of southwest margin reflects the tectonic evolution from flexural subsidence by thrusting to rebounded uplift. The formation of sequence boundary is related to the resilient uplift and erosion. The sequence stratigraphic framework and depositional system tract configuration in the foreland basin are controlled by structural activity of the fold and thrust belt, and the sequence succession reflects episodic thrusting of the Middle-Late Triassic toward the foreland basin. The sequence evolution in northern and central parts reflects the depositional succession of fluvio-delta system under intracratonic background, composed of coarse-grained sediment in braided channel deposit at the lower, meandering channel deposit in the middle and fine-grained sediment in the flood plain at the upper, dominated by lake level fluctuation. During the deposit of the LST in the intracraton basin, accommodation space is limited, and results in abundant fluvial sediment migration laterally, erosion and transport, forming laterally sandstone composite and aggradational deposit on the alluvial plain, which constitutes specific erosion unconformity boundary.     

羌塘盆地东部晚三叠世-侏罗纪构造-沉积演化

本文以野外实测剖面为基础,结合区域地质调查,通过地层学、岩石组合特征及沉积盆地分析,并综合区域构造演化背景及年代地层学等最新研究成果,对羌塘盆地东部上三叠统-侏罗系岩石组合、沉积类型和沉积相特征进行了对比研究,明确了羌塘盆地东部晚三叠世-侏罗纪的地层分布特征、沉积相类型、展布特征及构造-沉积演化过程。以区域性角度不整合为标志,将羌塘盆地东部上三叠统-侏罗系划分为2个构造层(卡尼阶-诺利阶构造层和瑞替阶-基默里阶构造层),并详细叙述了不同构造层内各地层的分布范围、厚度变化及岩性特征。研究区上三叠统-侏罗系以海陆过渡相和海相沉积为主,其中海陆过渡相包括三角洲相和潮坪-泻湖相,海相包括碳酸盐缓坡、蒸发台地、局限台地、滨海、浅海、半深海和深海相沉积。卡尼期主要发育滨海-浅海-半深海-深海相沉积(北羌塘坳陷)和滨浅海沉积(南羌塘坳陷)。诺利期早期以碳酸盐岩缓坡-混积陆棚沉积为主,诺利期晚期、赫塘期-巴柔期、卡洛期和基默里期主要发育潮坪-三角洲相沉积(北羌塘坳陷)和滨浅海沉积(南羌塘坳陷),巴通期和牛津期以蒸发台地-局限台地-混积陆棚沉积为主。沉积相东西向带状展布,东部低隆起是分割南北相带的重要构造单元,并在巴通期及牛津期为水下隆起,控制着羌塘东部局限台地、蒸发台地及台地边缘的分布。将区域构造背景与沉积记录相结合,总结出5个构造-沉积演化阶段:活动陆缘阶段(卡尼期,Ⅰ_1)、前陆盆地演化阶段(诺利期,Ⅰ_2)、裂陷-坳陷阶段(瑞替期-巴柔期,Ⅱ_1)、被动陆缘-坳陷阶段(巴通期-卡洛期,Ⅱ_2)和被动陆缘-坳陷阶段(牛津期-基默里期,Ⅱ_3)。     

The hydrothermal karstification and its effect on Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin,Northwest China

With a detailed study on petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of some important Ordovician carbonate well core samples in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, the distinguishing symbols of hydrothermal karstification are first put forward as the phenomena of rock hot depigmentation, hot cataclasm and the appearance of typical hydrothermal minerals such as fluorite, barite, pyrite, quartz and sphalerite. The main homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions in fluorite are from 260 to 310°C, indicating the temperature of hydrothermal fluid. The fluid affected the dissolved rocks and showed typical geochemistry features with low contents of Na and Mg, and high contents of Fe, Mn and Si. The ratio of ³He/⁴He is 0.02R _a, indicating the fluid from the typical continental crust. The hydrothermal fluid karstification pattern may be described as follows: the hot fluid is from the Permian magma, containing dissolving ingredients of CO₂ and H₂S, and shifts along fault, ruptures and unconformity, and dissolves the surrounding carbonates while it flows. The mechanism of hydrothermal karstification is that the mixture of two or more fluids, which have different ion intensity and pH values, becomes a new unsaturated fluid to carbonates. The hydrothermal karstification is an important process to form hypo-dissolved pinholes in Ordovician carbonates of Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, and the forming of hydrothermal minerals also has favorable influence on carbonate reservoirs.     

The hydrothermal karstification and its effect on Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, Northwest China

With a detailed study on petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of some important Ordovician carbonate well core samples in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, the distinguishing symbols of hydrothermal karstification are first put forward as the phenomena of rock hot depigmentation, hot cataclasm and the appearance of typical hydrothermal minerals such as fluorite, barite, pyrite, quartz and sphalerite. The main homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions in fluorite are from 260 to 310℃, indicating the temperature of hydrothermal fluid. The fluid affected the dissolved rocks and showed typical geochemistry features with low contents of Na and Mg, and high contents of Fe, Mn and Si. The ratio of 3He/4He is 0.02Ra, indicating the fluid from the typical continental crust. The hydrothermal fluid karstification pattern may be described as follows the hot fluid is from the Permian magma, containing dissolving ingredients of CO2 and H2S, and shifts along fault, ruptures and unconformity, and dissolves the surrounding carbonates while it flows. The mechanism of hydrothermal karstification is that the mixture of two or more fluids, which have different ion intensity and pH values, becomes a new unsaturated fluid to carbonates. The hydrothermal karstification is an important process to form hypo-dissolved pinholes in Ordovician carbonates of Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, and the forming of hydrothermal minerals also has favorable influence on carbonate reservoirs.     

Macro fracture systems of the granites controlled by the tectonism: A case study of the Dangjiasi pluton in the northeastern margin of the Gonghe BasinSCIEI北大核心CSCD

花岗岩中先存裂缝系统的识别、评价与建模,关系到干热岩热能提取的有效性、规模性、安全性,是地热能勘查、开采的难点与关键点。本文对共和盆地东北部干热岩勘察开采示范区紧邻的当家寺岩体开展了详细地质野外调查及综合分析,观测了花岗岩体内裂缝的产状、类型和样式,详细解剖了岩体裂缝系统组成及空间分布,探讨了构造作用对裂缝系统形成的时限、动力学成因的控制。研究发现其宏观裂缝系统以构造破裂缝为主,同时还发育少量的成岩缝。构造缝主要由小尺度断裂、火成岩脉、石英脉、方解石脉及多期节理缝共同构成;在岩体不同分区部位的断裂、脉体及节理等裂缝体系发育差异明显,脉体、节理受临近断层控制,其三者走向具有较好的相似性,且存在明显的多期次性。根据产状、交切关系及应力机制可以划分为5种构造破裂类型:单一应力场形成的节理系、叠加先期形成单向滑移的共轭节理组、持续走滑剪切形成的雁列石英脉与共轭节理组合、拉张形成的岩脉及脉内雁列节理组、多期次叠加形成的网状裂缝。宏观裂缝系统的形成与三叠纪末期碰撞后伸展、侏罗-白垩纪区域性隆升、渐新世-中新世中期走滑断裂活动、中新世晚期以来走滑-逆冲转换等有关。现存大量共轭剪节理形成应力场与现今最大主应力方向(NE)有差异,反映了古走滑剪切构造作用的影响。宏观裂缝系统的差异分布,不仅对花岗岩型干热岩热储层规模、质量、分布有约束,也控制着后期的建储与改造。     

基于遗传神经网络的大地电磁反演

为进一步提高大地电磁非线性反演的稳定性、运算效率及准确度,将遗传神经网络算法引入大地电磁反演.首先针对大地电磁二维地电模型建立BP（Back Propagation）神经网络基本框架进行学习训练,网络输入为已知地电模型的视电阻率参数,输出为该地电模型参数;再利用遗传算法对神经网络学习训练过程进行优化,计算出多种地电模型网络连接权值和阈值的最优解;最后将最优连接权值和阈值对未知模型进行反演测试,网络输入为未知地电模型的视电阻率参数,输出为该地电模型参数.模型实验表明：遗传神经网络算法充分结合了遗传算法的全局寻优性和神经网络的局部寻优性,相比单一神经网络算法,在网络学习训练中提高了解的收敛成功率和计算速度,在反演测试中能更准确地逼近真实模型.将遗传神经网络算法与最小二乘正则化反演进行对比,理论模型和实测数据都验证了遗传神经网络算法在大地电磁反演中的可行性和有效性.