松花江干流（哈尔滨段）春季最低水位预测方法

利用1949~2003年松花江(哈尔滨段)最低水位资料,分析松花江干流(哈尔滨段)春季最低水位变化规律和典型枯水年成因,分析了其与松花江、嫩江等松花江流域面雨量的相关性,与拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子等的关系。以松花江、嫩江、第二松花江流域7~11月面雨量总和及前一年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最高水位为因子,预测2004~2013年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最低水位。利用方差周期方法、均生函数方法对2004~2013年拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子及松花江、嫩江、第二松花江流域月面雨量进行预测,并以此预测对2004~2013年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最低水位进行订正,得出预测结论。     

赣杭构造带中段岩石圈电性结构研究

赣杭构造带（简称赣杭带）位于扬子板块和华夏板块的结合部,是中国重要的铀多金属矿成矿带,发育一系列中酸性火山—侵入杂岩;前人对岩浆喷发和侵入的地球动力学背景仍然存在诸多争议。文章对赣杭带中段（盛源盆地）及邻区收集的大地电磁测深（MT）数据,利用MT相位张量分解技术、二维非线性共轭梯度法（NLCG）等技术手段进行处理和反演获得到了研究区可靠的岩石圈电性结构。结合已有资料分析表明：赣杭带中段浅部火山—侵入杂岩带存在东南方向下倾的高导带和深部软流圈高导区且相连,揭示了该地区中酸性岩浆活动受区域江绍深断裂控制,在晚中生代岩石圈伸展作用下沿着区域深断裂上升侵入和喷发形成火山—侵入杂岩;该岩浆活动处在伸展构造环境与同期Izanagi板块俯冲后撤有关。     

中国干旱-半干旱区表土bGDGTs与气候环境因子数据再分析

文章通过收集中国北方干旱-半干旱区域已发表的bGDGTs数据,重新计算了不同地区表土bGDGTs各组分与温度及pH等环境因子之间的相关关系。主要获得以下认识：1)不同于干旱区,半干旱区bGDGTs的异构体指标与土壤pH表现为强相关,在4个异构体指标(IBT、 CBT′、 IR′_IIa、 IR′_IIIa)中CBT′、 IR′_IIIa计算的pH结果精度较高;2)半干旱区f（5 me）与pH表现为强相关（-0.847）,指示了基于5-甲基bGDGTs的指标同样具有重建半干旱区pH的潜力。但是目前缺乏CBT′_5ME-pH之间的转换函数;3)全球温度校正方程计算得出的温度误差普遍大于中国区域校正方程（中国北方、青藏高原等区域）获取的温度误差。通过整合数据重新计算发现4个区域温度校正方程(MBT′_5ME、 Tmr、 MAATsr、 Index 1)计算的温度结果具有较小的误差,且在半干旱区重建的温度结果更为精确;另外MAATsr、 Index 1的区域温度校正方程也适用于干旱区的温度重建,...     

云南石林地区土壤侵蚀的石笋记录与现代观测

通过研究云南乃古石林地区的洞穴沉积物———石笋,结合土壤侵蚀观测结果,发现石笋中的每一个夹泥层代表一次地表快速剥蚀事件,进而讨论了土壤侵蚀事件在石林发育过程中的意义。结果表明:石林发育的自然过程之一是土体较长时期稳定、实现土下溶蚀,协同土壤阶段性的快速剥蚀过程,脉动式相对向上“生长”。石林地区全新世曾经历过数次快速剥蚀过程。     

GEOCHRONOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS FOR INTERPRETING THE PALEOCLIMATIC HISTORY OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

在当前全球变化背景下,青藏高原冰川急剧退缩严重影响着东亚地区水资源.为了有效地规划水资源,需要对高原气候变化及其机制有深入的理解.尽管在青藏高原及周边地区有大量的古气候记录,但是目前对高原气候的时空变化及其机制仍缺乏深入一致的认识.青藏高原冰川、树轮和石笋记录可以提供过去气候变化的框架,但是这些记录的分布局限于一些特定的地理区域.青藏高原上广泛分布的湖泊沉积物是研究高原气候的时空变化及其机制的优良介质.湖泊沉积物岩芯的年龄控制主要依赖于放射性碳同位素定年,但大多数高原湖泊具有碳库效应,为建立沉积岩芯年代控制需要进行碳库年龄校正所带来的年龄误差目前未有深入研究,这在某种程度上制约了利用湖泊沉积物记录研究高原气候时空变化及其机制.本文比较了目前确定高原湖泊碳库年龄的方法并提出建议采用的方法,汇总目前己发表的高原湖泊碳库年龄,讨论湖泊现代碳库年龄的空间分布及其影响因素,讨论湖泊碳库过去变化及其可能造成的岩芯年代控制误差;以青海湖和班公错两个高原湖泊已发表的记录为例讨论过去碳库年龄变化可能造成对记录完全不同的解释;还讨论了由碳库效应校正而带来的湖泊沉积物岩芯年龄控制误差对青藏高原湖泊记录的末次盛冰期终止年代的空间分布及其对变化机制解释的影响.如果考虑碳库效应的过去变化,目前所观测到的高原气候时空变化及其机制需要重新解释.因此,为了更好地理解青藏高原气候时空变化及其机制,我们需要更多有良好定年、高分辨率和定量化的湖泊记录,本文也建议在解释目前湖泊记录时需要应对年龄控制极大重视.     

A record of late Holocene precipitation on the Central Tibetan Plateau inferred from varved lake sediments

Journal of Paleolimnology - Lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau are important natural archives for studying past climate and environment changes. A precise sediment core chronology is a...     

地质雷达在公路路面检测中的应用

探讨了地质雷达在公路路面无损检测中的应用,重点介绍了野外资料采集时的参数设置和室内数据处理,以及处理后资料的解释,并给出了应用实例。     

Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects

The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.     

Lacustrine Record of 1954 Flood Event on Begnas and Rupa Lake,Central Nepal

In recent decades, there have been discussions and predictions regarding the impact of climate on floods, due to its socioeconomic and environmental consequences. For accurate prediction of future flood events and their impacts, it is crucial to have an improved understanding on past flood events. Lacustrine sediments have been used as a natural archive to study the past flood events. Here, we study the impact of 1954 flood event on the lacustrine environment of Bengas and Rupa Lake in central Nepal based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) element analysis, magnetic susceptibility (MS), total organic carbon (TOC) and the biomarker molecular compositions. Results showed that 1954 flood event had significant impacts on the two lakes in terms of detrital input, organic matter deposition and aquatic production. Before the flood event, both two studied lakes had relatively lower catchment erosion rate, lower organic matter deposition and aquatic production. During the flood event, catchment erosion and aquatic production increased in both lakes due to mass transport deposits and the increased nutrition loading attributed to flood event. Following the flood event, Begnas Lake showed the sharp increase in organic matter deposition, whereas in the Rupa Lake organic matter deposition showed minor changes. The difference in organic matter deposition in lakes during flooding event is likely due to detrital material brought and deposited by the flood activity. Overall our results suggest that lacustrine sediments are sensitive to the extreme event and would be an ideal archive for the reconstruction of flood events.