全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7393篇 |
免费 | 1579篇 |
国内免费 | 2419篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1189篇 |
大气科学 | 1017篇 |
地球物理 | 1509篇 |
地质学 | 4541篇 |
海洋学 | 1307篇 |
天文学 | 239篇 |
综合类 | 534篇 |
自然地理 | 1055篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 71篇 |
2023年 | 160篇 |
2022年 | 383篇 |
2021年 | 515篇 |
2020年 | 410篇 |
2019年 | 491篇 |
2018年 | 472篇 |
2017年 | 445篇 |
2016年 | 466篇 |
2015年 | 509篇 |
2014年 | 489篇 |
2013年 | 592篇 |
2012年 | 691篇 |
2011年 | 677篇 |
2010年 | 639篇 |
2009年 | 636篇 |
2008年 | 649篇 |
2007年 | 525篇 |
2006年 | 555篇 |
2005年 | 455篇 |
2004年 | 318篇 |
2003年 | 253篇 |
2002年 | 245篇 |
2001年 | 227篇 |
2000年 | 191篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 40篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
Cristián Frêne Juan J. Armesto Freddy Véliz Fernando D. Alfaro Kathleen C. Weathers 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14175
The variability of rainfall-dependent streamflow at catchment scale modulates many ecosystem processes in wet temperate forests. Runoff in small mountain catchments is characterized by a quick response to rainfall pulses which affects biogeochemical fluxes to all downstream systems. In wet-temperate climates, water erosion is the most important natural factor driving downstream soil and nutrient losses from upland ecosystems. Most hydrochemical studies have focused on water flux measurements at hourly scales, along with weekly or monthly samples for water chemistry. Here, we assessed how water and element flows from broad-leaved, evergreen forested catchments in southwestern South America, are influenced by different successional stages, quantifying runoff, sediment transport and nutrient fluxes during hourly rainfall events of different intensities. Hydrograph comparisons among different successional stages indicated that forested catchments differed in their responses to high intensity rainfall, with greater runoff in areas covered by secondary forests (SF), compared to old-growth forest cover (OG) and dense scrub vegetation (CH). Further, throughfall water was greatly nutrient enriched for all forest types. Suspended sediment loads varied between successional stages. SF catchments exported 455 kg of sediments per ha, followed by OG with 91 kg/ha and CH with 14 kg/ha, corresponding to 11 rainfall events measured from December 2013 to April 2014. Total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) concentrations in stream water also varied with rainfall intensity. In seven rainfall events sampled during the study period, CH catchments exported less nutrients (46 kg/ha TN and 7 kg/ha TP) than SF catchments (718 kg/ha TN and 107 kg/ha TP), while OG catchments exported intermediate sediment loads (201 kg/ha TN and 23 kg/ha TP). Further, we found significant effects of successional stage attributes (vegetation structure and soil physical properties) and catchment morphometry on runoff and sediment concentrations, and greater nutrients retention in OG and CH catchments. We conclude that in these southern hemisphere, broad-leaved evergreen temperate forests, hydrological processes are driven by multiple interacting phenomena, including climate, vegetation, soils, topography, and disturbance history. 相似文献
2.
3.
通过将车流量的增大或减小转化为路长权重的变化。将交通流量的动态问题转化为静态问题,用解决最短路问题的Dijkstra方法,给出交通流量实时最优控制的可行性模型及其有效算法。 相似文献
4.
Hong-Qi Zhang Xing-Ming Bao Yin Zhang Ji-Hong Liu Shu-Dong Bao Yuan-Yong Deng Wei Li Jie Chen Jin-Ping Dun Jiang-Tao Su Juan Guo Xiao-Fan Wang Ke-Liang Hu Gang-Hua Lin Dong-Guang WangNational Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2003,3(6):491-494
We analyze the magnetic configurations of three super active regions, NOAA 10484, 10486 and 10488, observed by the Huairou Multi-Channel Solar Telescope (MCST) from 2003 October 18 to November 4. Many energetic phenomena, such as flares (including a X-28 flare) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), occurred during this period. We think that strong shear and fast emergence of magnetic flux are the main causes of these events. The question is also of great interest why these dramatic eruptions occurred so close together in the descending phase of the solar cycle. 相似文献
5.
介绍了太阳22周峰年期间云南天文台米波射电频谱仪的观测结果。主要对1557个单个Spike的时间和频率分布作了统计分析,着重指出太阳快速精细结构的观测特征并定性地指出其产生机制。 相似文献
6.
7.
5个新发现的X选BL Lac天体 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用ROSATVLA方法筛选,从ROSATX射线源中选出了一批新的BLLac天体和类星体的候选体.1996年12月8日至17日,利用北京天文台2.16m望远镜和新从美国引进的OMR摄谱仪,对这批新候选体进行了光谱认证.经SUN工作站处理,又发现了5个新的X选BLLac天体.此外,还对去年作者在OMR引进之前发现的BLLac天体进行了检验,结果发现,去年发现的7个BLLac天体中,2322+343的CaIIH&K“Breakstrength”为26.9%,稍大于判据25%,因此,2322+343到底是BLLac天体还是射电星系还有待于进一步测光及偏振观测的验证. 相似文献
8.
9.
掌握澳门附近海域沉积物的污染状况及特征,对于合理安排澳门海洋海岸工程疏浚泥的海洋倾倒,防止造成海洋污染有十分重要的意义。根据1997—1999年连续三年对澳门附近主要区域的海洋沉积物采样测定结果,通过分析认为澳门附近海域沉积物污染具有下列特征:1)沉积物中重金属和油类含量普遍较高,除了总Hg外均高于珠江口海区的其他港口;2)沉积物中污染物的分布受人类活动的影响明显,澳门内港受船只排污、码头作业、陆地工业和生活污水排放的影响,是澳门附近海域沉积物污染最为严重区域;3)受水质交换的影响明显,澳门外港、路环岛东北等区域受珠江径流影响水质交换较快,沉积物中污染物的含量较低,而内港由于水质交换较差,沉积物中污染物的含量相对较高;4)与沉积物的成分组成(吸附)有关,大部分污染物与沉积物中粉砂有较好的相关性,表明粉砂对污染物质有较广泛性的吸附能力,尤其是Cu、Zn、Cd、油类、有机质。 相似文献
10.
Andrés E. Piatti Juan J. Clariá Andrea V. Ahumada 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,346(2):390-402
Charge-coupled device (CCD) photometry in the Johnson V , Kron–Cousins I and Washington CMT 1 systems is presented in the field of the poorly known open cluster NGC 2627. Four independent Washington abundance indices yield a mean cluster metallicity of [Fe/H]=−0.12 ± 0.08 , which is compatible with the existence of a radial gradient in the Galactic disc. The resultant colour–magnitude diagrams indicate that the cluster is an intermediate-age object of 1.4 Gyr. Based on the best fits of the Geneva group's isochrones to the ( V , V − I ) and ( T 1 , C − T 1 ) diagrams, we estimate E ( V − I ) = 0.25 ± 0.05 and V − MV = 11.80 ± 0.25 for log t = 9.15 , and E ( C − T 1 ) = 0.23 ± 0.07 and T 1 − M T 1 = 11.85 ± 0.25 for log t = 9.10 , respectively, assuming solar metal content. The derived reddening value E ( C − T 1 ) implies E ( B − V ) = 0.12 ± 0.07 and a distance from the Sun of 2.0 ± 0.4 kpc . Using the WEBDA data base and the available literature, we re-examined the overall properties of all the open clusters with ages between 0.6 and 2.5 Gyr. We identified peaks of cluster formation at 0.7–0.8, 1.0–1.1, 1.6–1.7 and 2.0–2.1 Gyr, separated by relative quiescent epochs of ∼0.2–0.3 Gyr. We also estimated a radial abundance gradient of −0.08 ± 0.02 , which is consistent with the most recent determinations for the Galactic disc, but no clear evidence for a gradient perpendicular to the Galactic plane is found. 相似文献