细基江蓠脂肪酸组成研究

研究表明,南海细基江蓠Gracilaria tenuistipitata中主要含有C_9—C_(30)一元饱和脂肪酸,其中n-十六酸含量占脂肪酸组分的40％以上。单烯和二烯酸的含量较低,缺乏多烯酸及前列腺素类化合物。此外,还含有少量二元酸类、4-及5-羰基羧酸,其中后两者是首次在红藻中发现。南海细基江蓠的脂肪酸组成特征与南海海域水质较清、光照充足及水温较高等环境因素有关。     

边坡及其它类工程地质问题研究

本文提出有关边坡工程地质研究方面的一些新概念，看法和问题，并概述了属地这一专题的边坡及其它各类工程地质问题的研究成果。     

广州珠江西航道,流溪河有机污染特征与感潮作用

珠江西航道和流溪河在广州市区上游，为广州市主要水源区。由于感潮作用，受市区严重污染的水体因涨潮上溯而上游传输。严重影响上游水质。因此，弄清感潮作用对广州水源区水质的影响程度和范围，对水源保护与利用有重要意义。本研究从下游到上游，对水源区底泥中有机物特征进行了分析，结果表明：（１）从上游到上游，受感潮作用影响逐渐减小，污染程度逐渐减轻；（２）水源区有机物特征呈有规律变化。从靠近城市的下游到远离城市的     

伊通地堑下第三系原油和生油岩中芳构化五环三萜及其地球化学意义

详细研究了吉林伊通地堑下第三系生油岩和原油中的芳烃生物标志物，包括常规的多环芳烃，以及丰富的来源于高等植物的芳香二萜和芳构化的五环三萜。目前，原油中芳构化五环三萜类生物类生物标志物国内外均尚报道极少。还详细讨论了利用原油中最新发现的芳构化五环三萜在解决本区生物输入，油源对比以及石油成因等方面的重要意义。     

临沧超大型锗矿床有机质与锗矿化的地球化学特征

临沧锗矿床是一产于第三系含煤岩系中的超大型矿床。矿床的最初锗源与盆地西缘的二云母花岗岩有关。主矿体产于下煤组沉积旋回的早期地层中，每一沉积阶段早期形成的褐煤和碳质泥岩中富含锗，最高含量达１４７０×１０＾－６。褐煤和碳质泥岩在矿化过程中平均富集了１６４－１６９倍。根据锗含量，褐煤和碳质泥岩可分为锗含量小于１２×１０＾－６的低锗煤（泥岩）和大于９０×１０＾－６的高锗煤（泥岩）。高锗煤中有机质富含氧官能     

“雪龙号”2003北极航次气相多环芳烃纬度分布观测

2003年“雪龙号”北极科学考察期间,对沿途海洋大气进行采样,分析其中气相多环芳烃的空间分布。结果显示,气相中主要是2-4环的多环芳烃,其中菲为主要的化合物,平均占到总多环芳烃的55.1%。在整个航程的广泛区域尺度内,气相总多环芳烃浓度在1043.9-92993.1pg/m3。空间分布上,远东亚的海面>北太平洋海面>北极圈以内海面;总多环芳烃的浓度随纬度升高呈现显著降低的趋势。通过Clausius-Clapeyron方程对浓度和温度相互关系的分析表明,温度是控制气相多环芳烃长距离传输的主要因素。     

珠江广州河段水环境中多环芳烃的组成及其垂直分布特征

对珠江广州河段白鹅潭水域采集水柱一条,并按 6 层采集水样,根据美国 EPA 标准对多环芳烃进行了定量分析.结果显示,广州河段水环境中多环芳烃和 16 种优控多环芳烃浓度范围分别为 2 602.4 ～ 5 145.2 ng/L和 987.1～ 2 878.5 ng/L;颗粒相和溶解相多环芳烃的含量范围分别为 1 249.3 ～ 3 614.9 ng/L和 919.6 ～ 2 848.8 ng/L.多环芳烃垂向分布特征具有环数越高,其在水柱中下层水体中的含量越高特征,表明水柱可明显分为上层和中下层两层水体,两层水体多环芳烃的组成、污染物的输入方式均有较大的差异,中下层水体高环数的多环芳烃与河口水动力条件密切相关;初步分析表明在涨、落急过程中随流速加大可能引起表层沉积物再悬浮作用造成二次污染.     

Monoterpinenes as terrigenous markers in Okinawa Trough sediments

Monoterpinenes were isolated from Okinawa Trough sediments at the 1000-m water depth by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-data system (GC-MS-DS). Identification has revealed cyclohexene, 1-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl), cyclohexene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl), and cyclohexane, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene). These monoterpinenes are believed to have been derived from terrigenous higher plant detritus, which may serve as new terrigenous markers.     

Geochemical characteristics of sphagnum brown coal — A possible oil-generating precursor

A preliminary study of newly discovered sphagnum brown coal from the Jingsuo Basin, Yunnan Province, China, which is quite rich in montan wax, indicates the predominance of highern-alkane homologues and aromatized triterpenoid components. Aromatic hydrocarbons are composed mainly of pentacyclic and tetracyclic di-, tri- and tetra-aromatic components, which are obviously diagenetically related to higher plant-derived triterpenoids naturally occurring in the biosphere. Because the sphagnum brown coal still remains in the highly immature stage, it seems that the progressive diagenetic aromatization of the higher plant-derived triterpenoids may start at a very early stage.     

Sulphur-containing compounds in sulphur-rich crude oils from hypersaline lake sediments and their geochemical implications

Three sulphur-rich commercial crude oils have been studied, which contain sulphur as high as up to 4–12%. These samples were collected from Tertiary hypersaline lake sediments of the Jianghan Basin, Hubei Province at different depths, but above the oil generation threshold (2200m). FPD-GC and GC-MS data show that aromatic fractions of the crude oils are composed of different homologues of sulphur-containing compounds, including long-chain normal alkyl-thiophenes and-thiolanes, long-chain isoprenoid-thiophenes and -thiolanes, and benzothiophenes. It is worth noting that the distribution patterns of long-chain alkyl-thiophenes and -thiolanes from two shallow-seated crude oils are quite similar to those of normal alkanes showing marked even-odd predominance. It seems that the even-odd predominance of sulphur-containing compounds decreases with increasing burial depth of the crude oils. The major component of aliphatic fraction is phytane, and similarly the major peaks of aromatic fractions also represent C₂₀ isoprenoid thiophenes. Some preliminary conclusions have been drawn from the above discussion: (1) Abundant sulphur-containing compounds may be used as an indicator of low mature or immature crude oils produced from hypersaline lake sediments; (2) Sulphur-containing compounds are considered to be early diagenetic products of reactions between elemental sulphur or sulfides and alkanes or their precursors (phytols, fatty acids, alcohols, etc.), or of bacterial activities, but not direct inputs of organisms.