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排序方式: 共有56条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Geoffrey Blewitt William C. Hammond Corné Kreemer Hans-Peter Plag Seth Stein Emile Okal 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(3-4):335-343
We identify the key design aspects of a GPS-based system (and in the future, GNSS-based systems) that could contribute to real-time earthquake source determination and tsunami warning systems. Our approach is based on models of both transient and permanent displacement of GPS stations caused by large earthquakes, while considering the effect of GPS errors on inverted earthquake source parameters. Our main conclusions are that (1) the spatial pattern, magnitude, and timing of permanent displacement of GPS stations can be inverted for the earthquake source and so predict the 3D displacement field of the ocean bottom, thus providing the initial conditions for tsunami models, and (2) there are no inherently limiting factors arising from real-time orbit and positioning errors, provided sufficient near-field GPS stations are deployed. This signal could be readily exploited by GPS networks currently in place, and will be facilitated by the IGS Real-Time Project as it comes to fruition. 相似文献
2.
3.
Harald Geiger Ian Barnes Karl H. Becker Birger Bohn Theo Brauers Birgit Donner Hans-Peter Dorn Manfred Elend Carlos M. Freitas Dinis Dirk Grossmann Heinz Hass Holger Hein Axel Hoffmann Lars Hoppe Frank Hülsemann Dieter Kley Björn Klotz Hans G. Libuda Tobias Maurer Djuro Mihelcic Geert K. Moortgat Romeo Olariu Peter Neeb Dirk Poppe Lars Ruppert Claudia G. Sauer Oleg Shestakov Holger Somnitz William R. Stockwell Lars P. Thüner Andreas Wahner Peter Wiesen Friedhelm Zabel Reinhard Zellner Cornelius Zetzsch 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,42(1):323-357
Within the German Tropospheric Research Programme (TFS) numerous kinetic and mechanistic studies on the tropospheric reaction/degradation of the following reactants were carried out: oxygenated VOC, aromatic VOC, biogenic VOC, short-lived intermediates, such as alkoxy and alkylperoxy radicals.At the conception of the projects these selected groups were classes of VOC or intermediates for which the atmospheric oxidation mechanisms were either poorly characterised or totally unknown. The motivation for these studies was the attainment of significant improvements in our understanding of the atmospheric chemical oxidation processes of these compounds, particularly with respect to their involvement in photooxidant formation in the troposphere. In the present paper the types of experimental investigations performed and the results obtained within the various projects are briefly summarised. The major achievements are highlighted and discussed in terms of their contribution to improving our understanding of the chemical processes controlling photosmog formation in the troposphere. 相似文献
4.
S. L. HWANG T. F. YUI H. T. CHU P. SHEN H. P. SCHERTL R. Y. ZHANG J. G. LIOU 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2007,25(3):349-362
Although oriented rutile needles in garnet have been reported from several ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks and considered to be important UHP indicators, their crystallographic features including growth habit and lattice correspondences with garnet host have never been properly characterized. This paper presents a detailed analytical electron microscopic (AEM) study on evenly distributed oriented rutile needles in garnet of two eclogitic rocks from Sulu. Some garnet in one UHP diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rock from the Saxonian Erzgebirge, and in one high‐pressure (HP) felsic granulite from Bohemia also contain a few unevenly distributed oriented rutile needles. They have also been studied for the purpose of comparison. Despite different distribution patterns, AEM revealed that all rutile needles are oriented along the 〈111〉 directions of garnet with their lateral sides surrounded by the {110} planes of garnet, and that the growth directions of most needles are close to the normal of the {101} planes of rutile. No other specific crystallographic orientation relationships between rutile and garnet host were observed, and there is no pyroxene associated with rutile, as necessitated by the precipitation reaction of rutile in garnet as previously proposed. A simple solid‐state precipitation scenario for the formation of the rutile needles in garnet in these two eclogitic rocks is not justified. Three alternative mechanisms are considered for the formation of oriented rutile needles: (i) the rutile needles may be inherited from precursor minerals; (ii) the rutile needles may be formed by a dissolution–reprecipitation mechanism; and (iii) the rutile needles may be formed by cleaving and healing of garnet with rutile deposition. None of these mechanisms can fully explain the observations, although the first one is less likely and the third one is preferred. This study presents an example where the presence of oriented/aligned inclusions in minerals does not necessarily imply a precipitation origin. 相似文献
5.
Stefan?R?sel Anna?Rych?a Christian?Wurzbacher Hans-Peter?GrossartEmail author 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(1):87-99
Nutrient fluxes across terrestrial-aquatic boundaries and their subsequent integration into lake nutrient cycles are currently
a major topic of aquatic research. Although pollen represents a good substrate for microorganisms, it has been neglected as
a terrestrial source of organic matter in lakes. In laboratory experiments, we incubated pollen grains of Pinus sylvestris in water of lakes with different trophy and pH to estimate effects of pollen input and its subsequent microbial degradation
on nutrient dynamics. In this ex situ experiment, we measured concentrations of organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen in the surrounding water as well as microbial
dynamics (bacteria and fungal sporangia) at well-controlled conditions. Besides leaching, chemical and microbial decomposition
of pollen was strongest within the first week of incubation. This led to a marked increase of soluble reactive phosphorus
and total dissolved nitrogen (up to 0.04 and 1.5 mg L−1, respectively, after 5 days of incubation) in the ambient water. In parallel, pollen grains were rapidly colonized by heterotrophic
bacteria and aquatic fungi. Leaching and microbial degradation of pollen accounted for ≥80, ≥40, ≥50% for organic C, N and
P, respectively, and did not significantly differ among water samples from the studied lakes. Thus, pollen introduces high
amounts of bio-available terrestrial organic matter and nutrients into surface waters within a short time. A rough calculation
on P input into oligotrophic Lake Stechlin indicates that pollen plays an important ecological role in nutrient cycling of
temperate lakes. This requires further attention in aquatic ecology. 相似文献
6.
Dr. Hans-Peter Geis 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1967,56(1):561-567
Zusammenfassung Die Magnetiterzlager der Insel Andörja/Nordnorwegen liegen in einer Serie mesozonal metamorphisierter Sedimente des Kambro-Silurs der Kaledoniden: Granatglimmerschiefer Hangender Kalkmarmor (max. 5 Horizonte, die bis 9 m mächtig sind) Amphibolitschiefer (83–175 m mächtig, mit marin-sedimentären Magnetiterzen) Liegender Kalkmarmor (0–4 m mächtig) Granatglimmerschiefer, z. T. Quarzit.Diese Gesteinsfolge hat typisch miogeosynklinalen Charakter. Da sie westlich des Verbreitungsgebiets der eugeosynklinalen kaledonischen Sedimente und nahe dem Westrand des Verbreitungsgebiets kambro-silurischer Gesteine überhaupt auftritt, könnte es sich hier um den Westrand der Kaledoniden handeln. Westlich davon auftretende präkaledonische Gesteine könnten dann zur irischen Plattform gehören.
The magnetite layers on the island of Andörja lie in a series of metamorphosed cambro-silurian sediments with the following sequence: garnet mica schist upper marble (max. 5 layers with up to 5 m thickness) amphibolite schist (83–175 m thickness, with marine sedimentary magnetite ore) lower marble (0–4 m thickness) garnet mica schist, partly quartzite.This rock sequence is of typically miogeosynclinal character. As it is situated to the west of the extension of the eugeosynclinal Caledonian rocks and near the western border of the cambro-silurian rocks on the whole, we might have here the western boundary of the caledonian geosyncline. Precaledonian rocks to the west of Andörja might then belong to the Irish platform.
Résumé Les couches de magnétite du gisement d'Andörja se trouvent dans une série de sediments cambro-siluriens métamorphiques avec la séquence suivante: marbre supérieur (max. 5 horizons qui ont une épaisseur jusqu'à 9 m) amphibolite (83–175 m d'épaisseur, avec gisements de magnétite) marbre inférieur (0–4 m d'épaisseur) schistes de grenat et mica, en partie quartzites.La séquence est d'un caractère typiquement miogeosynclinal. Parce qu'elle apparaît à l'ouest de l'extension des roches eugéosynclinales calédoniennes et à la bordure des roches cambro-siluriennes en général, on y a probablement la frontière occidentale de la géosynclinale calédonienne. Les roches précalédoniennes plus à l'ouest pourraient alors appartenir à la plateforme d'Irlande.
Andörja ( ), - : (9 ), (83–175 , ), (0–4 ), - , . . , .相似文献
7.
Dr. Hans-Peter Geis 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1966,55(2):414-417
Zusammenfassung In Westnorwegen auftretende Magnetit-Ilmeniterze sind teilweise an intrusive, gabbroide Gesteine und teilweise an wahrscheinlich extrusive Amphibolite gebunden. Das TiO2Fe-Verhältnis der Amphiboliterze beträgt 0,14–0,15 und ist innerhalb der einzelnen Vorkommen konstant. In den Gabbroerzen liegt das Verhältnis zwischen 0,21 und 0,35 und schwankt auch innerhalb der Einzelvorkommen stark.
Magnetite-ilmenite ore in western Norway occurs partly in intrusive, gabbroic rocks, partly in amphibolites which seem to be extrusive. The relation TiO2: Fe in the amphibolite ores is 0.14–0.15 and is constant within every deposit. In the gabbro ores the relation TiO2Fe lies between 0.21 and 0.35 and varies also within every single deposit.
Résumé Dans l'Ouest de la Norvège des gisements de magnétite-ilménite se trouvent en partie dans des roches gabbroïques et intrusives, en partie dans des amphibolites qui sont probablement extrusives. Le rapport TiO2Fe dans les minerais amphibolitiques est de 0,14–0,15 et se montre très constant d'un gisement à l'autre. Dans les minerais gabbroïques, le rapport TiO2Fe varie entre 0,21 et 0,35 et diffère selon le gisement.
. TiO2: Fe .相似文献
8.
Noble-gas systematics show that Brachino is not a member of the SNC-group of meteorites. The whole-rock K-Ar gas retention age is (3.11 ± 0.07) AE as compared to the 1.3 AE solidification ages of SNCs; the content of radiogenic129 Xe* of (3.47 ±. 15) × 10?10 cm3 STP/g is about two orders of magnitude higher, and the129 Xe/132 Xe ratio (11.0), the ratio of radiogenic129 Xe* to fissiogenic136 Xef (300), and the ratio36 Ar/132 Xe in the trapped gases are about one order of magnitude higher than observed for SNCs. The same evidence argues strongly against any simple genetic relationship with eucrites. The noble-gas abundance pattern resembles closely that in silicate inclusions from the iron meteorites Campo del Cielo and Udei Station. Abundances of cosmic-ray produced3 He and21 Ne (5.7 and. 99 × 10?8 cm3 STP/g, resp.) indicate an exposure age of ~ 2.4 Ma. Irradiation conditions appear to have been perfectly normal except for an unaccountably low content of spallogenic 38Ar. Losses by diffusion of radiogenic4 He are severe; they must have occurred at or before the onset of the exposure of the meteoroid to the cosmic radiation. 相似文献
9.
Andrew R. Hedrick Danny Marks Hans-Peter Marshall James McNamara Scott Havens Ernesto Trujillo Micah Sandusky Mark Robertson Micah Johnson Kat J. Bormann Thomas H. Painter 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2560-2574
The degree to which the hydrologic water balance in a snow-dominated headwater catchment is affected by annual climate variations is difficult to quantify, primarily due to uncertainties in measuring precipitation inputs and evapotranspiration (ET) losses. Over a recent three-year period, the snowpack in California's Sierra Nevada fluctuated from the lightest in recorded history (2015) to historically heaviest (2017), with a relatively average year in between (2016). This large dynamic range in climatic conditions presents a unique opportunity to investigate correlations between annual water availability and runoff in a snow-dominated catchment. Here, we estimate ET using a water balance approach where the water inputs to the system are spatially constrained using a combination of remote sensing, physically based modelling, and in-situ observations. For all 3 years of this study, the NASA Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) combined periodic high-resolution snow depths from airborne Lidar with snow density estimates from an energy and mass balance model to produce spatial estimates of snow water equivalent over the Tuolumne headwater catchment at 50-m resolution. Using observed reservoir inflow at the basin outlet and the well-quantified snowmelt model results that benefit from periodic ASO snow depth updates, we estimate annual ET, runoff efficiency (RE), and the associated uncertainty across these three dissimilar water years. Throughout the study period, estimated annual ET magnitudes remained steady (222 mm in 2015, 151 mm in 2016, and 299 mm in 2017) relative to the large differences in basin input precipitation (547 mm in 2015, 1,060 mm in 2016, and 2,211 mm in 2017). These values compare well with independent satellite-derived ET estimates and previously published studies in this basin. Results reveal that ET in the Tuolumne does not scale linearly with the amount of available water to the basin, and that RE primarily depends on total annual snowfall proportion of precipitation. 相似文献
10.