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Individual and combined effects of land use/cover and climate change on Wolf Bay watershed streamflow in southern Alabama 下载免费PDF全文
Land use/cover (LULC) and climate change are two main factors affecting watershed hydrology. In this paper, individual and combined impacts of LULC and climate change on hydrologic processes were analysed applying the model Soil and Water Assessment Tool in a coastal Alabama watershed in USA. Temporally and spatially downscaled Global Circulation Model outputs predict a slight increase in precipitation in the study area, which is also projected to experience substantial urban growth in the future. Changes in flow frequency and volume in the 2030s (2016–2040) compared to a baseline period (1984–2008) at daily, monthly and annual time scales were explored. A redistribution of daily streamflow is projected when either climate or LULC change was considered. High flows are predicted to increase, while low flows are expected to decrease. Combined change effect results in a more noticeable and uneven distribution of daily streamflow. Monthly average streamflow and surface runoff are projected to increase in spring and winter, but especially in fall. LULC change does not have a significant effect on monthly average streamflow, but the change affects partitioning of streamflow, causing higher surface runoff and lower baseflow. The combined effect leads to a dramatic increase in monthly average streamflow with a stronger increasing trend in surface runoff and decreasing trend in baseflow. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Phosphorus biological cycle in the different Suaeda salsa marshes of the Yellow River estuary, China
Zhigao Sun Xiaojie Mou Hanqin Tian Hongli Song Huanhuan Jiang Jinyong Zhao Wanlong Sun Wenguang Sun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2595-2608
Much uncertainty exists in the phosphorus (P) cycle in the marshes of the intertidal zone. This study explored the P cycling in the two Suaeda salsa marshes [middle S. salsa marsh (MSM) and low S. salsa marsh (LSM)] of the Yellow River estuary during April 2008 to November 2009. Results showed seasonal fluctuations and vertical distributions of P in different S. salsa marsh soils, and variations in P content in different parts of plants due to water and salinity status. The N/P ratios of the different S. salsa were 9.87 ± 1.23 and 15.73 ± 1.77, respectively, indicating that plant growth in MSM was limited by N, while that in LSM was limited by both N and P. The S. salsa litter in MSM released P to the environment throughout the year, while that in LSM immobilized P from the environment at all times. The P absorption coefficients of S. salsa in MSM and LSM were very low (0.0010 and 0.0001, respectively), while the biological cycle coefficients were high (0.739 and 0.812, respectively). The P turnovers among compartments of MSM and LSM showed that the uptake amounts of roots were 0.4275 and 0.0469 g m?2 year?1 and the values of aboveground parts were 1.1702 and 0.1833 g m?2 year?1, the re-translocation quantities from aboveground parts to roots were 0.8544 and 0.1452 g m?2 year?1, the translocation amounts from roots to soil were 0.0137 and 0.0012 g m?2 year?1, the translocation quantities from aboveground living bodies to litter were 0.3157 and 0.0381 g m?2 year?1, and the annual return quantities from litter to soil were less than 0.0626 and ?0.0728 g m?2 year?1 (minus represented immobilization), respectively. P was an important limiting factor in S. salsa marshes, especially in LSM. S. salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient condition and the vulnerable habitat, and the nutrient enrichment due to the import of N and P from the Yellow River estuary would be a potential threat to the S. salsa marshes. 相似文献
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Global warming has caused the Arctic Ocean ice cover to shrink. This endangers the environment but has made traversing the Arctic channel possible. Therefore, the strategic position of the Arctic has been significantly improved. As a near-Arctic country, China has formulated relevant policies that will be directly impacted by changes in the international relations between the eight Arctic countries(regions). A comprehensive and real-time analysis of the various characteristics of the Arctic geog... 相似文献
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陆地生物圈动态模式:生态系统模拟的发展趋势 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
陆地生物圈是一个通过能量,水及各个化学要素与大气及物理气候系统进行交换而相互作用的动态系统。由于生物圈平衡模式有很多局限性,目前迫切需要发展新一代模式-生物圈动态模式,用来在全球变化的背景下评价和预测陆地生物圈初级生产力和生物地球化学循环。陆地生物圈动态模式的目的是模拟自然和人类活动扰动导致的陆地生态系统中的动态变化,以及陆地生物圈与大气之间能量,水和碳循环之间的相互作用。开发生物圈动态模式的关键差距并不在于我们没有构建模式源代码的能力,而在于不能很好地描述经验与构建模式所应用的要领之间的联系,尤其是缺乏构模式所必需的数,以及对陆地生态系统复杂机理的认识尚不完整,对如何提高和扩展我们已有的知识以及如何对模式进行验证缺乏了解。数据,模式结构,参数库和预测不确定性之间的相互作用将会推动生物圈动态模式的进步与发展。 相似文献
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基于层次聚类法和主成分分析法的铜陵市大气降尘污染元素来源解析研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文采用层次聚类法和主成分分析法对有色金属矿山城市-铜陵市的大气降尘中污染元素,主要是重金属元素的来源进行了识别,并分析了各来源所占的比例。结果显示,铜陵市大气降尘中污染物主要来源于冶金和采矿,其次为燃煤、交通和土壤扬尘等,其贡献率分别为冶金源+采矿源43.29%,燃煤源32.23%,交通源和土壤源10.53%,其他源13.94%。因此,优先控制冶金尘、采矿尘和燃煤尘,可以有效降低铜陵市大气降尘中污染元素的含量。 相似文献
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Yin Hanqin Lu Xinzhe Sun Rui Huang Chunlei Kang Zhanjun Xu Mingxing Wei Yingchun Cai ZiHua 《地理学报(英文版)》2023,33(2):413-426
Journal of Geographical Sciences - In recent years, Cadmium (Cd) pollution has been found in many soil geochemical surveys in Northern Zhejiang Plain, a crucial rice production area in East China,... 相似文献
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用逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测草鱼出血病病毒的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
于1994年5月-1995年7月,根据已克隆的草鱼出血病病毒GCHV-861株cDNA的部分序列,设计合成了两对PCR引物,采用RT-PCR技术对GCHV-861及GCHV-873两病毒株的dsRNA进行扩增。结果表明,两对引物仅能特异地检测出GCHV-861病毒株核酸的存在,而不能对GCHV-873病毒株的核酸进行特异扩增,该方法最小可检测出0.1Pg纯化的GCHV-861病毒dsRNA;采用该方法对GCHV-861人工感染的草鱼和稀有鲫组织进行RT-PCR检测,不仅能检测到发病期显症病鱼中GCHV-861病毒的存在,还能检测发病前期及愈后无出血病症状的病毒携带者中病毒的存在;利用该方法还从本所关桥实验场出血病流行季节收集的发病草鱼体内检测出GCHV的存在,说明所设计的引物具有一定的实际意义;利用该法还能检测出感染病毒的组织培养细胞系GCK和CIK上清液中GCHV的存在。还建立了简易的模板制备方法,采用该方法整个检测过程只需3-4h,可大大缩短检测时间。由此可见,RT-PCR技术是检测GCHV的快速、灵敏而特异的方法,发展和完善该技术对草鱼出血病的早期诊断和防治、抗病育种具有重要意义。 相似文献