Different cardiac response to copper in limpets from metal polluted and clean shores of Hong Kong

The gastropod limpet, Cellana grata, is common on moderately exposed to exposed Hong Kong rocky shores. On the basis of the existing literature on trace metal contamination in Hong Kong, four sites were identified, representative of highly polluted (Aberdeen and Lei Yue Mun) and clean (Cape d'Aguilar and Clear Water Bay) conditions. Limpets from the two polluted sites showed similar, but significantly higher body concentrations of copper than limpets from the two clean sites, which were also similar. Non-invasive measurements of cardiac activity of limpets from the four sites showed between site differences in baseline heart rates under standard seawater, irrespective of pollution level. When acutely exposed to water borne copper (2 h, 0.5+/-0.06 SD ppm), however, limpets from clean sites showed a significantly higher increase in inter-beating time (bradycardia) than those from polluted sites. These results highlight the potential use of cardiac activity to assess the exposure of natural populations of limpets to trace metal pollution.     

LAS格式解析及其扩展域的应用

激光雷达是近年来兴起的一种快速获取地物目标三维信息的主动遥感技术。其采集的离散激光点具有数据量大,信息丰富等特点。目前常用的LIDAR数据存储格式,在存储LIDAR数据时存在种种不足,且数据交换和共享困难。LAS格式是ASPRS制定的标准LIDAR数据交换格式,能较好地解决多属性离散激光点数据的存储问题,具有结构严谨,便于扩展等优点。本文在对LAS格式进行解析的基础上,针对LAS变长记录的扩展域,介绍了一些实际的应用。     

陕南勉略宁地区铜厂闪长岩体地球化学初探

勉略宁三角地区是我国西北重要的铜-金多金属成矿远景区之一,已发现多种类型的铜、铁、铅、锌、金和银等多金属矿床(点)多达上百处,除金矿床为大一超大型外(煎茶岭和李家沟金矿床),铜-金多金属矿床多与中酸性侵入体有关,但规模均不大(中-小型),其中规模最大的铜厂铜矿床也不过为中型,远景储量为大型.     

Demographic transition in Sri Lanka: a spatial perspective

Demographic transition theory involves a lagging fertility transition induced by a leading mortality transition. This article focuses on the linkage between the mortality and fertility transitions in Sri Lanka; it discusses the measurement of areal fertility, demonstrates the use of a measure not commonly used in population geography, and shows areal association between past mortality and recent fertility. The Coale or Princeton fertility indices allow a reasonably good view of structural and behavioral aspects of fertility; the Coale indices examine the contribution of structure to total fertility and the contribution of marital fertility. Although recent fertility decline has been less rapid than the post-war mortality decline, Sri Lanka's crude birth rate in 1975 was the 5th lowest in Asia. Sri Lanka experienced very high crude death rates in 1930, and quite low rates in 1950 and in subsequent years. This demonstrates an association between historic mortality and recent fertility, and that association can be linked deductively to demographic transition theory. In 1930, malaria was endemic throughout the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, and hyperendemic in several districts. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients reveal the strongest relationship between malaria and nuptiality; this lends evidence to the notion that structural influences on fertility--such as delayed marriage--are more important than influences on marital fertility--such as coital frequency. The evidence suggests that mortalily decline in Sri Lanka led to an increase in fertility in those areas where malaria had been concentrated. This suggests the possibility that measures constituting malaria control or eradication also stimulate increased fertility; therefore, anti-malarial programs must be integrated with family planning.     

3年独立研究观测到的地震有关的地电变化

给出了某些地震前地电的观测结果。数据是在帕特雷大学地震中心用ＶＡＮ方法在３年独立实验研究期间搜集的。记录的信号包括：（ａ）地电场的缓慢变化；（ｂ）地电场的周期变化；（ｃ）地震电信号。     

基于多元对应分析的国家地质公园综合价值及分类

目前地质公园的分类难以针对具有多重价值属性的各类地质公园提出行之有效的分类管理模式。提出基于综合价值的国家地质公园分类模式,建立了国家地质公园综合价值评价指标,通过问卷调查与小组讨论获取了35个国家地质公园的量化综合价值评价指标数据,应用多元对应分析对量化数据进行统计处理,最后将35个国家地质公园分为禀赋型地质公园、生态型地质公园、成熟型地质公园、均衡型地质公园和发展型地质公园五大类,为国家地质公园分类管理提供依据。     

GPS RTK在异形建筑物放样中的应用

针对异形建筑物传统施工放样过程操作复杂、效率低下的问题,该文提出了采用GPS RTK进行异性建筑物施工中的放样工作。以天津市文化中心商业项目为例,利用GPS RTK技术分别对建筑物的主轴线和异形次轴线进行了放样工作,并与全站仪在放样过程和数据精度两个方面进行了对比分析,实现了异型建筑物快速、高效的施工放样。实验结果表明,GPS RTK技术不仅在放样过程中操作简单,节约资金,而且放样精度满足工程要求,相对全站仪来说具有很大优势,有助于提高复杂异形建筑物的施工放样效率。     

个体移动轨迹—滑动窗口方法与航空流异常变化识别——以京沪空中廊道为例

航空流异常变化识别是解释空中廊道拥堵和空域资源充分利用以及航空流重新分配的一个重要基础性课题。该文设计了个体移动轨迹—滑动窗口方法,选取京沪空中廊道内全部航线和机场为研究对象,从FlightAware系统中获得1日17 h全部航班的航迹点数据,识别了异常流量密度、异常区域和异常移动轨迹。研究认为:1)利用移动描述符(飞行弧)在时态数据流支持下所设计的方法,能实现个体移动点的分时段分配和时空一体化表达。2)依据该方法识别的京沪空中廊道航空流异常流量密度(峰值高点以及运动)、异常区域(约束区域和空闲区域)、异常移动轨迹(速度变化与绕飞、方向变化与盘旋),不仅揭示出时空路径中的航空流隐藏信息以及时空运动规律,而且支持了航线更改决策制定。     

胶州湾沉积物中石油降解菌的降解能力及多样性研究

2013年青岛输油管道爆炸,大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品,以原油为唯一碳源和能源,富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明,Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌,都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选,获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌,分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率,其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明,石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃,对多环芳烃的降解能力较差,其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大,仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大,其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析,表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群,其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力,为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。     

海岛环境下采石边坡的监测系统构建研究———以山东北长山岛山后村为例

我国93%的海岛为基岩岛,大多数海岛上存在着开山采石的开发行为,极易引发边坡失稳或崩塌滑坡等危害。进行海岛灾害监测,及时了解海岛灾害发生、发展和危害过程,是海岛灾害防治的重要手段。由于海岛特殊的自然环境和较为薄弱的基础设施,灾害监视监测工作相对滞后。基于山东北长山岛山后村采石边坡监测系统的构建、运行等遇到的具体问题,开展海岛环境下采石边坡的灾害监测系统技术探讨,分析不同监测技术方法在海岛环境中的适用性和实用性,并提出了海岛边坡监测系统构建和运行维护时的注意事项和建议,为后续海岛地质灾害监测系统建设提供参考与借鉴。