SUPER-WIDE ANGLE PHOTOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATION WITH VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

Some of the advantages and disadvantages of super-wide angle photography are discussed. Special reference is made to photography of an area in Bechuanaland, when airborne profile recorder and horizon camera were used in conjunction with aerial photography. Data from these ancillary aids were used in the subsequent adjustment procedure. The paper concludes with an account of analytical bridging using super-wide angle photography and a monocomparator.     

Structuring subjectivities? Using Q methodology in human geography

This paper presents a critical and reflexive account of using Q methodology in human geography. Q methodology has a long pedigree in psychological, political and sociological research, but is only recently beginning to be used by human geographers. We discuss, in particular, the parts of the process(es) of Q methodology that are often glossed over in the literature, through reflecting on our learning in using Q within a project examining the use and production of environmental science by NGOs. We conclude that Q may be a useful supplement to existing methods in human geography, as long as it is used creatively and reflexively and with full awareness of its interpretative dimensions.     

POINT TRANSFER FROM ONE PHOTOGRAPH TO ANOTHER

Experiments are described which compare point transfer from one photograph to another by stereoscopic and non-stereoscopic procedures. It is shown that, whereas it may be possible to achieve very high accuracies by both methods, the former method is more dependent for its accuracy on a high observer skill and is also more prone to occasional mistakes in identification.     

Constructing environmental responsibility: Perceptions from retail business

This paper examines how retail businesses have employed the concept of environmental responsibility in order to justify their activities in the environmental arena. The sources of such publicised responsibility are investigated in terms of the relationship between the business and the consumer and how far responsibility has a moral base within the company or an economic justification with respect to demand. Data come from in-depth interviews with national and local managers of large multiple grocery superstores in the U.K. as well as from material published by these companies both through leafletting and more standardised reporting channels. Emphasis is placed upon the contradictions between the declaration of internally derived responsibility and the external pressures of demand, legislation and public image, suggesting an anticipatory form of environmental responsibility has been developed by retailers and that this may produce more proactive measures as the environmental debate matures.     

A wind-driven model of the ocean surface layer with wave radiation physics

Ocean Dynamics - Surface windstress transfers energy to the surface mixed layer of the ocean, and this energy partly radiates as internal gravity waves with near-inertial frequencies into the...     

The energetics of internal tides at the Luzon Ridge

Ocean Dynamics - Three-dimensional simulations of the M2 and K1 internal tides using the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm) configured for the Luzon Ridge are presented. The energetics of M2...     

Floodplain construction by recent,rapid vertical accretion: Waipaoa River,New Zealand

The rate of vertical accretion (typically 14–18 mm h⁻¹) during eight floods in the Waipaoa River basin, with recurrence intervals of 5 to 60 years, was determined by relating the floodplain stratigraphy at McPhail's bend to the 1948–1995 flood history. Overbank deposits remaining after a flood that occurred in March 1996 suggest a rate of vertical accretion of 15 mm h⁻¹. By contrast, because the flow velocity across the floodplain was too high to permit deposition from suspension, during the record flood of March 1988 the rate of vertical accretion was only 6 mm h⁻¹. The sequence of deposition is highly discontinuous, and the rapid vertical accretion is a response to a late 19th to early 20th century phase of deforestation in the headwaters that probably initiated a far greater change in suspended sediment yield than in discharge. Cross-section surveys conducted since 1948 indicate that the high suspended sediment load of the Waipaoa River also promoted in-channel deposition, which effected a progressive reduction in bankfull channel width although, due to the overbank deposition, channel capacity remained constant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A 500 yr speleothem-derived reconstruction of late autumn–winter precipitation, northeast Turkey

A verified instrumental calibration of annually resolved δ¹⁸O for a stalagmite from Gümü?hane in northeast Turkey is presented and cross-validated using a ‘leave-one-out’ technique. The amount of late autumn to winter precipitation is negatively correlated with stalagmite δ¹⁸O between AD 1938 and 2004. The observed relationship is extrapolated back to ~ AD 1500 leading to the first long winter precipitation reconstruction for this region. Modern day October to January precipitation is linked to pressure fields in Western Russia. Anomalously lower reconstructed rainfall is recorded in AD 1540–1560 at which time higher pressure over the Caspian Sea region is inferred.