Water quality in New Zealand rivers: current state and trends

River water quality, particularly in lowland catchments, is a matter of concern to the New Zealand public. We assessed river water quality and biological state and trends using data from more than 900 monitoring sites. Parallel state and trend analyses were carried out using all sites and a subset of lowland river sites. Median water-quality state in urban and pastoral land-cover classes was poorer than in exotic forest and natural land-cover classes, and lowland sites in the urban and pastoral classes had the poorest water quality. Nutrient and Escherichia coli concentrations increased and visual clarity and Macroinvertebrate Community Index scores decreased as proportions of catchments in high-intensity agricultural and urban land cover increased. Ten-year trends (2004–2013) indicated recent improvements in ammoniacal nitrogen, dissolved reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus in the pastoral and urban classes, possibly reflecting improved land management. In contrast, trends in nitrate-nitrogen in the exotic forest and cool-dry/pastoral classes indicated worsening conditions.     

Trajectories of protection: Protectorates of Aborigines in early 19th century Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand

Abstract: This article tracks the passage of Aboriginal protection, as a contested imperial institution, from the Caribbean to Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand via the Cape Colony and Britain. In doing so, it reconfigures the historical geographies of colonial philanthropy, and of those individuals who sought to implement and resist it, as a set of specific, intersecting trajectories. These trajectories, of people, ideas and texts, both connected and remade multiple colonial places. The article also advocates positioning the contemporary politics of the colonial past in Britain, Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, within a wider, trans‐imperial, set of connections.     

塔里木西克尔基性麻粒岩捕虏体的发现及其地质意义

在塔里木西部新生代碧玄岩中新发现了基性麻粒岩捕虏体。其原生矿物组合为Cpx+Opx+Pl (An=30~50)+Sp+Ilm+Tim,次生矿物组合为Ol+Pl (An>50)+alkaline feldspar+glass。原生矿物组合的温度和压力分别为1005~1059℃ 和 0.6~1.1GPa; 次生矿物组合形成于近等温减压过程和固相线上熔融以及之后的近地表快速冷却。这些麻粒岩捕虏体代表了早期底侵到塔里木板块下地壳的幔源岩浆。