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1.
Nadia Curetti Davide Levy Alessandro Pavese Gabriella Ivaldi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,32(10):670-678
The elastic properties of coexisting natural 3T and 2M
1 phengite samples (Cima Pal, Sesia Zone; Val Savenca; Western Alps, Italy) with similar chemical compositions have been studied by room temperature–high pressure powder diffraction, using synchrotron radiation on the ID9A beam-line at ESRF (Grenoble, France). The P–V curves have been modelled by the Birch–Murnaghan model; a third-order expansion fitted to the experimental data yields for 3T and 2M
1 K
0=60.4(±0.7) GPa, K′=5.79(±0.11) at V
0=703.8851 Å3, and K
0=57.3(±1.0) GPa, K′=6.97(±0.24) at V
0=938.8815 Å3, respectively. The relative stability of 3T vs. 2M
1 has been explored as a function of pressure and temperature in terms of configuration and deformation contributions to the Gibbs energy, using the elastic properties determined here and other thermodynamic parameters from earlier investigations. The results presented agree with the hypothesis of stability of the 3T polytype in the high pressure regime. 相似文献
2.
Monitoring and modelling of pore water pressure changes and riverbank stability during flow events 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pore water pressures (positive and negative) were monitored for four years (1996–1999) using a series of tensiometer‐piezometers at increasing depths in a riverbank of the Sieve River, Tuscany (central Italy), with the overall objective of investigating pore pressure changes in response to ?ow events and their effects on bank stability. The saturated/unsaturated ?ow was modelled using a ?nite element seepage analysis, for the main ?ow events occurring during the four‐year monitoring period. Modelling results were validated by comparing measured with computed pore water pressure values for a series of representative events. Riverbank stability analysis was conducted by applying the limit equilibrium method (Morgenstern‐Price), using pore water pressure distributions obtained by the seepage analysis. The simulation of the 14 December 1996 event, during which a bank failure occurred, is reported in detail to illustrate the relations between the water table and river stage during the various phases of the hydrograph and their effects on bank stability. The simulation, according to monitored data, shows that the failure occurred three hours after the peak stage, during the inversion of ?ow (from the bank towards the river). A relatively limited development of positive pore pressures, reducing the effective stress and annulling the shear strength term due to the matric suction, and the sudden loss of the con?ning pressure of the river during the initial drawdown were responsible for triggering the mass failure. Results deriving from the seepage and stability analysis of nine selected ?ow events were then used to investigate the role of the ?ow event characteristics (in terms of peak stages and hydrograph characteristics) and of changes in bank geometry. Besides the peak river stage, which mainly controls the occurrence of conditions of instability, an important role is played by the hydrograph characteristics, in particular by the presence of one or more minor peaks in the river stage preceding the main one. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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5.
Alessandro Comunian Leonardo De Micheli Claudio Lazzati Fabrizio Felletti Francesca Giacobbo Mauro Giudici Riccardo Bersezio 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(2):319-334
The fine-scale heterogeneity of porous media affects the large-scale transport of solutes and contaminants in groundwater and it can be reproduced by means of several geostatistical simulation tools. However, including the available geological information in these tools is often cumbersome. A hierarchical simulation procedure based on a binary tree is proposed and tested on two real-world blocks of alluvial sediments, of a few cubic meters volume, that represent small-scale aquifer analogs. The procedure is implemented using the sequential indicator simulation, but it is so general that it can be adapted to various geostatistical simulation tools, improving their capability to incorporate geological information, i.e., the sedimentological and architectural characterization of heterogeneity. When compared with a standard sequential indicator approach on bi-dimensional simulations, in terms of proportions and connectivity indicators, the proposed procedure yields reliable results, closer to the reference observations. Different ensembles of three-dimensional simulations based on different hierarchical sequences are used to perform numerical experiments of conservative solute transport and to obtain ensembles of equivalent pore velocity and dispersion coefficient at the scale length of the blocks (meter). Their statistics are used to estimate the impact of the variability of the transport properties of the simulated blocks on contaminant transport modeled on bigger domains (hectometer). This is investigated with a one-dimensional transport modeling based on the Kolmogorov-Dmitriev theory of branching stochastic processes. Applying the proposed approach with diverse binary trees and different simulation settings provides a great flexibility, which is revealed by the differences in the breakthrough curves. 相似文献
6.
Stefani Marco Minarelli Luca Fontana Alessandro Hajdas Irka 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(7):2433-2447
International Journal of Earth Sciences - Our research is aimed at estimating the vertical deformation affecting late Quaternary units accumulated into the foreland basin of the Northern Apennines... 相似文献
7.
Elisa Maria Alessi Giulia Schettino Alessandro Rossi Giovanni B. Valsecchi 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2018,130(5):34
We present the main findings of a dynamical mapping performed in the Low Earth Orbit region. The results were obtained by propagating an extended grid of initial conditions, considering two different epochs and area-to-mass ratios, by means of a singly averaged numerical propagator. It turns out that dynamical resonances associated with high-degree geopotential harmonics, lunisolar perturbations and Solar radiation pressure can open natural deorbiting highways. For area-to-mass ratios typical of the orbiting intact objects, these corridors can be exploited only in combination with the action exerted by the atmospheric drag. For satellites equipped with an area augmentation device, we show the boundary of application of the drag, and where the Solar radiation pressure can be exploited. 相似文献
8.
Alessandro Amorosi Luigi Bruno Bruno Campo Bianca Costagli Wan Hong Vincenzo Picotti Stefano Claudio Vaiani 《Sedimentology》2021,68(1):402-424
Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the 14C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide. 相似文献
9.
Alessandro Tarantino Andrew M. Ridley David G. Toll 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):751-782
This paper presents a review of techniques for field measurement of suction, water content, and water hydraulic conductivity
(permeability). Main problems in the use of field tensiometers are addressed and hints on how to improve tensiometer performance
are given. Advantages and limitations of instruments for indirect measurement of suction including electrical conductivity
sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, dielectric permittivity sensors, filter paper, and psychrometer are discussed. Techniques
for water content measurement based on dielectric methods are then presented. These include time and amplitude domain reflectometry
and capacitance. Finally, a brief overview of methods for measurement of water permeability in the field is presented. 相似文献
10.
The town of Zafferana Etnea, located on the southeastern slope of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy), has been repeatedly threatened
by lava flows in recent centuries. The last serious threat occurred during the 1991–1993 eruption, when the lava front came
to a halt only 1.7 km from the centre of town. Morphostructural data derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys
carried out on Etna in 2005 have enabled us to evaluate the risk of lava invasion in a section (16 km2) of the Zafferana Etnea territory. Qualitative and quantitative results are obtained combining the information derived from
LiDAR analysis with geological, morphological and structural data using geographic information systems technology (GIS). The
study quantifies in unprecedented detail the areal extent and volume of forested and urban areas and its degree of exposure
to different levels of hazard from future lava invasion. Nearly 52% of the urban texture fall into areas of moderate to high
risk from lava invasion. Future land use planning should take these findings into account and promote new development preferentially
in areas of lower risk. 相似文献