信阳市燃气混气站断裂活动性和场地稳定性系统研究

运用多学科、多手段相结合的方法，从区域构造稳定性、构造岩研究、构造裂隙统计分析、红外相位法位移监测，高密度电阻率法、钻探验证、年代学研究、新构造运动分析、遥感图像解译、地震安全性评价、数值模拟、工程地质条件分析等方面入手，对信阳市燃气混气站的断裂活动性和场地稳定性进行了全面而系统的论证；指出场区断裂规模小，第四纪无大规模差异升降运动，无活动断裂通过，邻区地震活动小且弱，区域构造稳定性高，应力平缓，工程地质条件良好，是一个稳定的“岛区”，井指出系统而全面的综合研究方法是研究工程稳定性项目行之有效的手段。     

我国东部春季土壤湿度影响夏季降水

该项目受到国家自然科学基金项目和国家基础研究发展规划项目的资助.最新研究成果揭示中国东部春季土壤湿度与夏季降水有联系.春季,从长江中下游到华北的土壤偏湿,对应着中国夏季东北和长江流域降水偏多,华北和南方降水偏少.     

黄海近岸锋面的时空变化及其对沉积物输运和沉积的影响

利用2010和2012年黄海海域不同季节的航次观测数据与HYCOM模式再分析数据进行了比对,检验了HYCOM模式的水体温度数据在黄海海域的适用性。据此分析了黄海海域的温度锋面和混合锋面的时空变化。结果显示,温度锋通常在秋季开始出现,在冬季最为发育,在春季逐渐消失;黄海混合锋面与季风活动密切相关,主要在秋季开始出现,在冬季发育。悬浮沉积物基本上集中在温度锋的向岸一侧,难以跨越锋面输运。山东半岛成山头海域的温度锋在形态及空间位置上与泥质沉积区相对应,沉积中心(厚度40 m)主要分布在温度锋的西侧,而在其东侧泥质沉积厚度快速减小。研究结果发现,秋冬季节混合锋与温度锋的空间位置并不一致,混合锋位于温度锋的西侧,强烈混合使得沉积物不易沉降,对应泥质沉积厚度小;而在混合锋东侧,悬浮沉积物浓度高且水体层化显著,沉积物易于沉降堆积,与泥质沉积中心对应。混合锋与温度锋的空间分布差异与共同作用可能是该区域泥质沉积体"Ω"形态发育的动力学机制。     

涝渍对夏花生光合特性及产量影响

夏花生常因汛期雨水偏多形成涝渍灾害而减产,探索不同耕作方式下涝渍持续日数对花生光合特性及产量的影响,可为花生涝渍动态监测评估和农业防灾减灾提供参考。选择2019年、2020年每年6—9月,在花生主产区河南驻马店土壤质地为粘土的大田平作、垄作方式下,以豫花22为试验材料,将花生产量形成过程分前期、中期、后期3个时段,分别设计3 d,5 d,7 d,9 d灌水处理。结果表明：相同过程灌水量条件下,垄作比平作涝渍持续日数减少1~5 d,其中淹涝日数偏少3~5 d;3 d灌水处理的涝渍持续日数4~5 d,叶绿素含量和净光合速率等光合参数呈正效应造成茎叶干物质积累增加;各时段涝渍影响均随持续日数的增加而加重,除百仁重涝渍影响表现为中期最大、前期次之、后期最小,其他均为前期最大、中期次之、后期最小;各处理水平涝渍持续日数4~16 d,光合参数影响幅度为1.3%~64.2%,生物量和产量影响幅度为0.6%~44.9%;垄作花生与平作花生相比,因涝渍持续日数减少而使灾害影响减小,前期各处理花生产量减少灾损达3.4%~11.6%。     

Identification of five sea cucumber species through PCR-RFLP analysis

Sea cucumbers are traditional marine food and Chinese medicine in Asia. The rapid expansion of sea cucumber market has resulted in various problems, such as commercial fraud and mislabeling. Conventionally, sea cucumber species could be distinguished by their morphological and anatomical characteristics; however, their identification becomes difficult when they are processed. The aim of this study was to develop a new convenient method of identifying and distinguishing sea cucumber species. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) was used to identifing five sea cucumber species (Apostichopus japonicus, Cucumaria frondosa, Thelenota ananas, Parastichopus californicus and Actinopyga lecanora). A 692 bp fragment of COI was searched for BamHI, KpnI, PstI, XbaI and Eco31I restriction sites with DNAMAN 6.0, which were then used to PCR-RFLP analysis. These five sea cucumber species can be discriminated from mixed sea cucumbers. The developed PCR-RFLP assay will facilitate the identification of sea cucumbers, making their source tracing and quality controlling feasible.     

黄土高原表土磁化率与气候要素的定量关系研究

黄土高原地区已建立多个表土低频磁化率-气候转换函数,为黄土古气候定量重建提供了关键方法。但是表土磁化率变化的气候控制因素的系统研究尚未开展; 同时,低频磁化率部分受到沉积作用的影响,需要寻找气候意义更明确的指标。我们系统采集了黄土高原及周边地区的表土样品,运用相关、回归和因子分析等方法,研究了不同气候要素及其季节变化对表土磁化率和频率磁化率的控制作用。结果显示,湿度是控制黄土高原表土磁化率的主要因素,温度的影响相对较小; 降水的季节分配也有影响,月降水变率较小的地区磁化率较高。在此基础上,选择反映成壤磁性颗粒组分的频率磁化率,建立了频率磁化率-年均降水量的转换函数,为黄土古气候定量估算提供了新的途径。     

洞庭湖综合治理中根治“地质灾害”的重要性

本文从洞庭湖区环境地质条件入手,分析堤防失事及所存在的险工险段与地质缺陷的关系,指出地质灾害是造成防洪工程失事不可忽视的因素。在洞庭湖区综合治理过程中,应注重对地质缺陷的治理     

Effects of grazing and climate change on species diversity in sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, China

To understand the effects of animal grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland vegetation in northern China, a field grazing and protected enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 through 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that (1) the grazing was primary responsible for changes of the vegetation richness and diversity in the grazing grassland and that changing climate was the main reason for changes in the species richness and diversity in the grassland protected from grazing; (2) light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of the richness and the diversity in the degraded grassland, and heavy grazing could result in a decrease of the richness and diversity; (3) heavy grazing can result in significant decrease of the perennial diversity, and moderate and light grazing promotes increase of the perennial diversity; the grazing, whether heavy or moderate and light grazing, was beneficial to increase of the annual diversity; (4) heavy grazing was not beneficial to diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae, and moderate and light grazing was favorable the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae; (5) the warm-humid climate was favorable to increase of the richness and the diversity, and the warm-drought climate could result in decease of the richness and the diversity; (6) increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae, and Compositae, and decreased precipitation had few effects on the annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity.