Comparison of mean radiant temperature from field experiment and modelling: a case study in Freiburg,Germany

Mean radiant temperature (T _mrt) based on two measurement methods and outputs from three models are compared in this study. They are the six direction radiation method, globe thermometer method, RayMan model, ENVI-met model and SOLWEIG model. The comparison shows that globe thermometer method may overestimate the T _mrt since wind velocity is a key variable in the estimation based on this method. For better estimation, T _mrt measured by the globe-thermometer method be corrected by the imported wind speed (stable, low and assuming wind speed) and validated by the six-direction radiation method. The comparison of models shows that the RayMan model’s evaluation of T _mrt involving global radiation with fine time resolution was better than the corresponding evaluations under the other two models (ENVI-met and SOLWEIG) in this case. However, the RayMan model can only assess T _mrt for a one-point one-time context, whereas the other two models can evaluate two-dimensional T _mrt. For two-dimensional evaluations of T _mrt, SOLWEIG have a better prediction of T _mrt than ENVI-met, and ENVI-met can simulate several different variables, which are wind field, particle distribution, CO₂ distribution and the other thermal parameters (T _a, surface temperature and radiation fluxes), that SOLWEIG cannot.     

Tri-directional shaking table tests of vibration sensitive equipment with static dynamics interchangeable-ball pendulum system

<正>Recently,the high-tech industry has become a key industry for economic development in many countries. However,vibration sensitive equipment located in these industrial buildings is vulnerable during earthquakes,which may cause huge economic loss.In this study,an innovative isolator for safeguarding the vibration sensitive equipment,namely, the static dynamics interchangeable-ball pendulum system(SDI-BPS) is proposed and investigated to examine its protective capability for the vibration sensitive equipment during earthquakes through a series of tri-directional shaking table tests.The experimental results illustrate that the SDI-BPS isolator can provide significant damping to rolling types of base isolation systems for reducing the bearing displacement and size,and avoid the stress concentration,which can cause damage or scratches on the rolling surface of the isolator,to prolong its life span of service.The SDI-BPS isolator also provides excellent capability in protecting the vibration sensitive equipment and exhibits a stable behavior under long terms of service loadings and earthquakes.     

Dynamic analysis of the infiltration rate of artificial recharge of groundwater: a case study of Wanglong Lake,Pingtung, Taiwan

Although Pingtung plain is an agriculturally developed region, its limited hydrologic conditions have restrained the maximization of its surface water resources. Due to the lack of proper management and sustainable utilization, groundwater has been overdrawn, causing serious land subsidence and seawater intrusion. The present paper presents a pilot study for artificially recharging groundwater using high-infiltration basins. Results of the geometric factor show that the large basin is ca. 6.8 times the size of the small one, with the infiltration volume almost approaching 1 m³/day/m². In the groundwater variation, the MW-2 is located immediately below the infiltration basin; therefore, its water level rises more rapidly than that of MW-3. As for the infiltration volume, results of the experiment used the same basin since 2002, which shows that the volumes gradually decreased from 12,136 to 5,555 m³/day. This is particularly evident in 2005 when volume decrease was at a maximum ca. 2,000 m³/day. Finally, the infiltration rate decreased from 22.76 to 7.15 m/day. The difference in infiltration rate between 2003 and 2005 has a maximum variation from to 15.2 to 10.33 m/day. In 2003, the addition of sand caused the infiltration rate to fall to a minimum ca. 5.3 m/day. By extending the recharge time, the infiltration rate fell gradually similar to those identified from 2005 to 2007.     

Modified physiologically equivalent temperature—basics and applications for western European climate

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - A new thermal index, the modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET) has been developed for universal application in different climate zones. The...