The Dependence of Water Exchanges between the Kuroshio Water and Its Surroundings on the Characteristics of the Kuroshio‘s Meanders

Observation of fluid parcel pathways in the Kuroshio Stream revealed a striking crossstream pattern associated with the Kuroshio‘‘ s meanders. In order to understand the observed pattern, a two-dimensional kinematic model of a meandering jet was developed which could be used to examine the relationship between streamfunction patterns and fluid parcel trajectories. The experiments designed to investigate the dependence of the water exchanges between the Kuroshio water and its surroundings on the characteristics of the Kuroshio‘‘s meanders involved the downstream speed,phase speed and the amplitude of other propagating waves. The results suggested that fluid parcels could cross the meandering jet to and fro; and that the water exchanges between the Kuroshio and its surroundings increased with a) increasing meander amplitude, b) decreasing downstream speed, and c) increasing wave phase speed. The results also showed that when the meandering jet was disturbed by other propagating waves, more effective water exchanges could be induced.     

非量测相机影像三维模型构建及精度检验

针对三维模型构建投资大、周期长、技术难度较高的问题,该文提出了基于Agisoft PhotoScan的非量测相机影像三维模型构建及精度检验方法。在对非量测数码相机数据进行预处理的基础上,利用Agisoft PhotoScan软件进行数据定向、点云提取、建立不规则三角网及数字高程模型和数字正射影像的制作;根据生成的数字高程模型和正射影像建立研究区域的三维场景模型。实验结果证明,该方法可快速建立高精度三维模型,缩短建模时间并降低投资成本。     

Tropical Atlantic climate response to different freshwater input in high latitudes with an ocean-only general circulation model

Tropical Atlantic climate change is relevant to the variation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) through different physical processes. Previous coupled climate model simulation suggested a dipole-like SST structure cooling over the North Atlantic and warming over the South Tropical Atlantic in response to the slowdown of the AMOC. Using an ocean-only global ocean model here, an attempt was made to separate the total influence of various AMOC change scenarios into an oceanic-induced component and an atmospheric-induced component. In contrast with previous freshwater-hosing experiments with coupled climate models, the ocean-only modeling presented here shows a surface warming in the whole tropical Atlantic region and the oceanic-induced processes may play an important role in the SST change in the equatorial south Atlantic. Our result shows that the warming is partly governed by oceanic process through the mechanism of oceanic gateway change, which operates in the regime where freshwater forcing is strong, exceeding 0.3 Sv. Strong AMOC change is required for the gateway mechanism to work in our model because only when the AMOC is sufficiently weak, the North Brazil Undercurrent can flow equatorward, carrying warm and salty north Atlantic subtropical gyre water into the equatorial zone. This threshold is likely to be model-dependent. An improved understanding of these issues may have help with abrupt climate change prediction later.     

机载LiDAR技术

机载LiDAR集成了GPS、IMU、激光扫描仪新一代航空遥感系统,能利用飞行获取的原始数据直接生成DEM和正射影像图,而无需任何或仅需少量的地面控制点。与传统的摄影测量技术相比,机载LiDAR可以节省大量的人力、时间和经费。在过去十年,机载LiDAR作为精确、快速的地球表面三维测量方法已得到广泛的认同,本文详细介绍了机载LiDAR的基本原理、技术结构及数据处理流程。     

影响断层带再活动的一些因素的实验研究

很多地震发生在活动断层上。但断层带是否活动并不是一成不变的。目前,在没有大量实测资料的情况下,我们往往还要推断哪些断层是易于活动的。实验与计算结果表明,影响断层再活动的因素为力的方向、力的大小,断层带厚度,断层带物质的力学性质等。这些结果将有助于我们推测活断层。     

Barotropic current fluctuations coupled with sea level drawdown in Yellow and Bohai Seas

Sub-tidal barotropic current variations coupled with residual sea level fluctuation in the Bohai and Yellow Seas during wintertime are addressed in this study.The temporal evolution and spatial distribution of current fluctuation are investigated using moored acoustic Doppler current profiler data in a three-dimensional numerical model.It is found that a southward current followed by a northward current occurred in the northern Yellow Sea during the fluctuation,concurrent with a significant outflow followed by inflow through the Bohai Strait.The process is consistent from surface to bottom and is coupled with remarkable residual sea level fluctuation.This quasi three-day fluctuation with amplitude 0.2-0.3 m/s leads to 1 m/1.2 m drawdown in the northern Yellow and Bohai Seas,respectively,strongly influencing water exchange between those seas.Because this a prominent feature in the seas,it is necessary to evaluate its effect on fluctuation during winter in future studies,in particular,the northward current during the recovery phase of sea level in the Bohai and Yellow Seas regarding seasonal variation.     

浅析山东省丘陵山区地方病与地质环境的关系

地方病在山东省流行较为严重,尤其丘陵山区。在分析山东省丘陵山区地方病病区分布及发病情况的基础上,重点分析了地方病与地质环境的关系,以期为该区域地方病的防治提供科学参考。     

Events of decadal thermocline variations in the South Pacific Ocean

1 INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that interior thermal anomalies that subduct into the subtropics of the North Pacific may propagate to the equatorial region of the Pacific (Russell, 1994; Deser et al., 1996; Gu and Philander, 1997; Huang and Huang an…     

福建海坛岛北部海岸带冲积扇沉积构造及其发育模式

海岸带冲积扇作为海陆过渡带中的重要沉积地貌单元,蕴藏有丰富的"陆-海-气"耦合作用及其古地理环境变化信息。本文选取福建海坛岛北部的海岸带冲积扇(大砂山)为研究对象,在大砂山表层布设6条累计长度约700m的探地雷达(GPR)测线,结合剖面观察解译以获取大砂山内部沉积构造和沉积序列信息。结果显示:GPR探测图像很好地显示约20m深度范围内的沉积构造信息,可以识别出9种沉积构造雷达相,这些雷达相总体上反映了海岸带冲积扇以泥石流和沟谷洪流为主、并交替有海岸风沙作用的沉积构造特征。综合三维沉积构造信息可知,大砂山为两个冲积扇侧向连接而成的复合体。结合野外地质地貌考察和砂样粒度分析,认为该冲积扇发育过程可分为四个阶段:(1)晚更新世末次间冰期,海岸带老红砂堆积形成"红色沙漠";(2)晚冰期时频发的暴雨洪水,携带南部山区的风化碎屑物质堆积在海岸带形成了冲积扇主体,并覆盖在老红砂剥蚀面上;(3)全新世早中期气候湿润,河流下切侵蚀冲积扇,形成大砂山基本形态;(4)全新世晚期,全球气候转冷,海岸风沙作用兴起,塑造成为现代大砂山的地貌特征。     

福建海坛岛青峰老红砂旋回沉积的粒度特征及其古环境意义

福建海坛岛青峰老红砂剖面以棕红色砂层和黄橙色砂层的交替旋回变化为显著特征。通过野外考察、采样和测定分析,对青峰老红砂剖面的粒度特征及其古气候意义进行深入研究。结果表明：（1）青峰剖面棕红色砂层以细砂为主,黄橙色砂层以中砂为主,细砂-中砂在剖面上呈现明显的交替旋回变化;（2）棕红色砂层和黄橙色砂层的粒度频率曲线均以单峰加一细尾为主,含有一定量的粉砂、黏土;概率累积曲线以滚-跳-悬三段式为主,但两种砂层在组分含量、斜率等方面存在差异;（3）粒度参数呈现明显的波动旋回变化,可能指示沉积时期区域风力、搬运动力、化学风化强度方面发生了周期性变化,即棕红色砂层显示了暖湿气候条件下的红壤化过程,黄橙色砂层则显示凉干气候条件下的黄壤化过程。因此,青峰老红砂旋回沉积表明第四纪晚期以来,福建东部沿海的古气候古土壤可能经历了南亚热带（赤红壤）和暖温带（黄壤）的交替变迁。