Improved form of wind wave frequency spectrum

The lower frequency part of the theoretical wind wave spectrum proposed by the authors (Wen et al. , 1988a, b,c) has been improved and the form of spectrum is appreciably simplified. In addition to the field data collected in the Bohai Sea region and used in the previous papers, those obtained in the Huanghai Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea have been employed so that the improved spectra can be verified on a more extensive observational basis. Computed results agree with the observations well. Further comparisons have been made between the proposed spectra and the JONSWAP spectrum. Though the two types of spectrum are close to each other in form, the former shows, as a whole, better agreement with the observation than the latter. By introducing an improved relation between the peak-ness factor and significant wave steepness, the spectrum contains only significant wave height and period as parameters. For spectra given in this form, the computed peak frequencies coincide approximately wit     

珠江口盆地西江主洼油气差异分布机制

西江主洼是珠江口盆地一个低勘探程度洼陷，油气差异聚集特征明显，但其机理不清。本文在断陷盆地油气成藏理论指导下，利用研究区地质、地球物理和地球化学等资料，开展了烃源岩、断盖组合、储集体系和运聚模式等方面的研究。结果表明，裂陷期沉降、沉积中心有序迁移，造成主力烃源岩自东向西由文四段迁移至文三段、文一+二段，控制东、西部油气差异分布。恩平组区域性泥岩发育且晚期断裂缺乏，导致油气纵向上更易聚集于下构造层；区域泥岩减薄尖灭或晚期断裂切开盖层的区域，上构造层有一定油气分布。"源-汇"类型从宏观上控制储层优劣，影响下构造层油气富集程度；"仓储"运移是控制上构造层油气规模聚集的主要模式。下构造层古近系应作为重点部署方向，东部围绕文四段、西部围绕文三段、文一+二段烃源岩构成的含油气系统展开；上构造层勘探需关注珠海组，在隆起周边寻找具备"仓储"运移模式的有利区带。     

数字摄像能见度观测系统中实用黑体技术的应用

在数字摄像能见度观测系统 (DPVS) 中, 目标物的自身亮度难以实时测量, 给观测结果带来的不确定性不可忽略, 采用实用黑体技术可以大大减小乃至消除其造成的误差。作者对非黑体目标引起的测量误差进行了分析, 结果表明相对误差随着目标物反射率的增加和能见度的升高而增大, 为了保证测量精度, 需要采用反射率足够低的目标物。对于长方体结构的实用黑体腔, 采用多次反射法计算了其近轴向的半球-方向反射率与其特性参数之间的关系。在没有观测到侧壁的前提下, 其轴向反射率最大, 随着偏离轴线角度的增加, 反射率逐渐减小。轴向反射率随腔体长度与开口边长比值的增加而迅速减小, 而腔体宽度增加引起的变化不明显。另外, 作者还推导了在考虑弥散成像时对实用黑体开口尺寸最小需求的计算公式, 也给出了符合一定条件的实用黑体轴向反射率的近似计算公式, 从而提供了DPVS中实用黑体参数选择的基本原则。最后, 给出了DPVS采用非黑体和实用黑体目标计算能见度的对比试验结果, 充分说明了在DPVS中采用实用黑体技术的必要性和可行性。     

用远场辐射场反演云闪放电参数

用地面电磁场遥感闪电放电参数无论是在实际应用还是理论研究中都具有重要意义。文中基于电流传输线模式 ,提出了一种用单站远场VLF/LF辐射场反演云内放电参数的简便方法。当传输线电流从底部传播到顶部的时间只有几微秒时 ,整个传输线的VLF/LF辐射可以近似成偶极子辐射 ,即远场辐射场与电流的时间变化率和传输线长度的乘积成正比。因此 ,对远场辐射场做时间积分就能获得完整的电流矩波形 (上升沿有所加宽 ) ,而且传输线模式中的重要参数 ,电流从底部传播到顶端经历的时间 ,也可以近似地用辐射场时间积分幅度与辐射场幅度之比来估计。这一方法具有估计云闪双极性大脉冲辐射过程的放电参数的潜力。     

Analysis of Main Controlling Factors of Overburden Failure in Coal Mining Under Thick Coal Seam Geological Conditions

According to the theory of elastic mechanics half plane, the mechanical model of roof overburden failure is established. Based on the numerical simulation software FLAC^3D, the failure process of roof overburden in 1308 working face is numerically simulated according to the orthogonal experimental design scheme. Matrix analysis and variance analysis are used to analyze and calculate the simulation results to determine the sensitivity of the main control factors to the failure height of overlying rock of mining roof. The results show that: (1) with the increase of mining depth and the advancing distance of working face, the subsidence of roof overburden increases. (2) The order of influence of main controlling factors on roof overburden failure height is: mining depth > working face length > internal friction angle > mining thickness > coal seam dip angle > cohesion > tensile strength. (3) Variance analysis showed that the mining depth height was significant, the working face length and internal friction angle were significant, and the significance of working face length was slightly greater than that of internal friction angle, and other factors were not significant.

     

Assessment of water inrush risk using the principal component logistic regression model in the Pandao coal mine,China

In order to improve the accuracy of floor water inrush assessment, the risk prediction model of floor water inrush was established by combining the principal component logistic regression analysis (PCLRA) and GIS spatial geographic analysis. In this paper, the geological data of Pandao coal mine was taken as the engineering background. First of all, main controlling factors of floor water inrush were determined and quantified. Next, PCLRA was used to determine the weight of each factor and establish the mathematical model for predicting the floor water inrush. And then, GIS’s spatial analysis and data processing function was used to draw related single factor thematic maps. Related thematic maps were weighted superposed to draw a floor water inrush zoning map based on PCLRA mathematical model. The study areas were divided into five levels by Jenks optimization method and vulnerability index initial model. And the corresponding threshold range was determined. The results show that (1) the high sensitivity factors in floor failure depth were added to evaluate the water inrush, and the fault fractal dimension was used to replace the fault structure related factors, and the main controlling factors of floor water inrush are more comprehensive; (2) the fitting degree of PCLRA model is high and the test accuracy is 83.3%; (3) the prediction results were well fitted to the actual position of water inrush (three water inrush points are located in the dangerous area, and two water inrush points are located in the relatively dangerous area).     

Application on Floor Water Inrush Evaluation Based on AHP Variation Coefficient Method with GIS

The prediction and prevention of floor water inrush is directly related to the safety of the coal mine production. The previous evaluation method of floor water inrush was more one-sided and lacked main control factors related to mining conditions. In order to evaluate the floor water inrush more accurately, under the project background of geological data of Wanglou coal mine, stope width, mining depth, fault scale index, water pressure, water abundance and thickness of aquifer were selected as main controlling factors of floor water inrush. Combined with the subjective weight analytical hierarchy process and the objective weight variation coefficient method, the weight coefficients corresponding to the main controlling factors were obtained respectively. The thematic map of the risk assessment of coal seam floor water inrush was drawn by combining the constructed comprehensive weight vulnerability index model and geographic information system. The results show that: ① according to the actual geological data of mine, two fault related factors were removed. And stope width and mining depth were increased as the main controlling factors to evaluate floor water inrush. It is easier to compare and calculate the weight of evaluation factors. ② The constructed comprehensive weight vulnerability index model can comprehensively evaluate the risk of floor water inrush. And the results of the evaluation are more accurate. ③ The related thematic maps can directly reflect the risk of floor water inrush, which is of guiding significance for the prediction and prevention of coal seam floor water inrush.     

珠江口盆地中中新世SQ14.8层序-沉积演化及其地质意义

中中新世,位于南海北部陆缘的珠江口盆地发生了构造、沉积和古气候格局的骤然变迁,而对古珠江沉积体系层序、沉积的研究为重塑该变革提供了良好契机.本文利用珠江口盆地三维地震和钻井资料,选取中中新世SQ14.8三级层序开展了系统的层序地层和沉积解剖,通过厘定关键层序、体系域界面,建立了高精度区域四分体系域格架,并在此基础上重建陆架-陆坡区主要沉积体系的宏观展布特征和演化过程.研究发现,SQ14.8三级层序记录了珠江口盆地新近纪以来最大规模的一次相对海平面下降,引发沉积滨线跨越陆架长距离迁移到陆架坡折,发育了从低位到强制海退完整的体系域单元.古珠江三角洲作为陆架区主要的沉积体系,在相对海平面升降旋回的驱动下,其发育位置从内陆架到陆架边缘的迁移过程中,发育主控因素也由河流作用为主逐渐变为河流和海洋水动力共同控制.强制海退体系域的识别及沉积展布研究为预测深水储层提供了依据,该时期发育的陆架边缘三角洲下方陆坡区是寻找富砂重力流储集体的有利地区,而陆架边缘三角洲侧翼砂质沉积较少,下方的扇体以泥质扇为主.综合分析认为中中新世变冷事件是造成13.8 Ma相对海平面强烈下降的主要原因,在珠江口盆地促成SQ14.8层序典型强制海退体系域及陆架边缘三角洲的发育,进一步证明该事件是一次全球性的气候事件,其响应不仅可以在大洋钻孔获取的O同位素中找到证据,在边缘海盆的沉积记录中也有明显反映.     

利用Landsat 5 TM影像估算沉水植物地上生物量的研究——以江西省鄱阳湖国家自然保护区为例

阐述了利用Landsat 5 TM影像在鄱阳湖国家自然保护区进行沉水植物地上生物量估算的方法和过程。研究结果显示，采用该影像，结合传统的采样策略和估算方法进行生物量的估算，在此研究区域中具有一定的局限性。分析了产生这一问题的原因，并对后续的研究工作提出了具体的建议。     

L波段碳湿敏元件特性试验

目前国内大部分探空站已经启用新一代探空仪——上海长望气象科技有限公司生产的L波段电子探空仪。新探空仪的数据率、测量准确度和可靠性都有较大的提高。新探空仪使用的湿度敏感元件是碳湿敏电阻。我们利用工厂添置的能测到-30℃低温的高精度湿度校准设备，进行了大量静态测试，进一步验证了碳湿敏元件与老探空仪使用的肠衣敏感元件相比，灵敏度高，滞后小，在高空低温期间感应陕，测量准确度有较大提高。