CT 双期增强扫描在甲状腺腺瘤及结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断中的价值?

目的：探讨 CT 双期增强扫描对甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法：回顾性比较25例经手术后病理证实的甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿患者 CT 平扫及增强扫描结果,并进行分析。结果：25例患者共取出甲状腺结节35枚,其中甲状腺腺瘤18枚,结节性甲状腺肿17枚。腺瘤组平扫 CT 值30～60 HU,结节性甲状腺肿组平扫 CT 值25～55 HU,两者差别不明显。腺瘤组增强扫描 CT 值120～160 HU,结节性甲状腺肿组增强扫描 CT 值60～100 HU,两者有显著差异。结论：甲状腺 CT 双期增强扫描对甲状腺腺瘤和结节状甲状腺肿在鉴别诊断上可以提供重要的参考。     

Distinguishing the Regional Atmospheric Controls on Precipitation Isotopic Variability in the Central-Southeast Portion of Brazil

Precipitation isotope ratios (O and H) record the history of water phase transitions and fractionation processes during moisture transport and rainfall formation. Here, we evaluated the isotopic composition of precipitation over the central-southeastern region of Brazil at different timescales. Monthly isotopic compositions were associated with classical effects (rainfall amount, seasonality, and continentality), demonstrating the importance of vapor recirculation processes and different regional atmospheric systems (South American Convergence Zone-SACZ and Cold Fronts-CF). While moisture recycling and regional atmospheric processes may also be observed on a daily timescale, classical effects such as the amount effect were not strongly correlated (δ¹⁸O-precipitation rate r ≤ –0.37). Daily variability revealed specific climatic features, such as δ¹⁸O depleted values (~ –6‰ to –8‰) during the wet season were associated with strong convective activity and large moisture availability. Daily isotopic analysis revealed the role of different moisture sources and transport effects. Isotope ratios combined with d-excess explain how atmospheric recirculation processes interact with convective activity during rainfall formation processes. Our findings provide a new understanding of rainfall sampling timescales and highlight the importance of water isotopes to decipher key hydrometeorological processes in a complex spatial and temporal context in central-southeastern Brazil.     

Late Holocene in central Brazil: vegetation changes and humidity variability in a tropical wetland

The Pandeiros wetland is a high biodiversity ecosystem located within a semiarid region of the Cerrado biome, a neotropical savanna. This large wetland is of key importance for ecological and hydrological balance in central Brazil and for the conservation of the Cerrado fauna and flora. In this study, we present the first palaeoecological investigation of the Pandeiros wetland based on pollen analysis of a palm swamp sediment core encompassing the Late Holocene. Our results show that the wetland was subject to multicentennial-scale oscillations in water availability during the Late Holocene; in particular, higher local humidity was documented between 4100 and 3100 cal a bp and from 2600 to 1000 cal a bp , and two events of drier local conditions occurred at approximately 2900 and 900 cal a bp. Our results also indicate a general decreasing trend in arboreal density in the Pandeiros River Basin from the beginning of the Late Holocene to the present, with the greatest expansion of dry forest occurring between 3600 and 3100 cal a bp.     

A NEW APPROACH FOR DERIVING PSEUDOVELOCITY LOGS FROM RESISTIVITY LOGS1

This paper describes a method of generating pseudovelocity logs using measurements of electrical resistivity. A theoretical relation between electrical resistivity and transit time, which is applicable to a wide range of lithologies, has been developed. The application of this relation using a method which defines lithoresistivity zones as lithological intervals related to the same formation and showing small resistivity variations, has been tested in the Recôncavo sedimentary basin in Bahia, Brazil. A comparison of derived pseudovelocity logs with actual sonic logs for five wells whows the validity of the present approach.     

THE INFLUENCE OF RAINFALL ON TRANSPORT OF BEACH SAND BY WIND

This paper deals with the effect of rainfall on the process of wind erosion of beach sands and presents results from both field and wind tunnel experiments. Although sediment transport by splash is of secondary importance on coastal dunes, splash–saltation processes can move sediments in conditions where no motion is predicted by aeolian processes. The effect of raindrop impact on the movement of soil particles by wind was measured on a sand beach plain using an acoustic sediment sampler. In general, an increase of particle movement by wind at the sensor heights was observed during rainfall. Rainfall also affected the wind erosion process during and after rain by changing the cohesive conditions of the surface. The influence of the surface moisture content on the initiation of wind erosion and on the vertical distribution of transported sand particles was studied in a wind tunnel. Moisture significantly increased threshold wind velocities for the initiation of sediment transport and modified vertical sediment profiles.     

Characterization and P-T Evolution of Melt-bearing Ultrahigh-temperature Granulites: an Example from the Anapolis-Itaucu Complex of the Brasilia Fold Belt, Brazil

Sapphirine–quartz occurs in orthopyroxene–garnetgranulites in two areas     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DAM-BREAK FLOOD WAVES OVER MOVABLE BED CHANNEL

1 INTRODUCTION During the last century, the propagation of dam-break flood waves has been the object of intense scientific and technical activity. The topic was initially approached by finding analytical solutions for the shallow-water equations in schematic situations featuring fixed bed and nil flow resistance. An example of this approach can be found in Stoker (1957). The vertiginous increase of automatic calculus which occurred during the last few decades has made it possible to ach…     

The REMO Ocean Data Assimilation System into HYCOM （RODAS_H）： General Description and Preliminary Results

The first version of the Brazilian Oceano- graphic Modeling and Observation Network （REMO） ocean data assimilation system into the Hybrid Coordi- nate Ocean Model （HYCOM） （RODAS H） has recently been constructed for research and operational purposes. The system is based on a multivariate Ensemble Optimal Interpolation （EnOI） scheme and considers the high fre- quency variability of the model error co-variance matrix. The EnOl can assimilate sea surface temperature （SST）, satellite along-track and gridded sea level anomalies （SLA）, and vertical profiles of temperature （T） and salinity （S） from Argo. The first observing system experiment was carried out over the Atlantic Ocean （78°S-50°N, 100°W-20°E） with HYCOM forced with atmospheric reanalysis from 1 January to 30 June 2010. Five integra- tions were performed, including the control run without assimilation. In the other four, different observations were assimilated： SST only （A SST）; Argo T-S profiles only （AArgo）; along-track SLA only （A_SLA）; and all data employed in the previous runs （A_All）. The A_SST, A_Argo, and A_SLA runs were very effective in improv- ing the representation of the assimilated variables, but they had relatively little impact on the variables that were not assimilated. In particular, only the assimilation of S was able to reduce the deviation of S with respect to ob- servations. Overall, the A_All run produced a good analy- sis by reducing the deviation of SST, T, and S with respect to the control run by 39%, 18%, and 30%, respectively, and by increasing the correlation of SLA by 81%.