BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING DEVELOPMENT OF EGGS AND YOLK-SAC LARVAE OF HERRING AND PLAICE

Changes in quantities of water, sodium, potassium, lipid and protein were compared in developing eggs and yolk-sac larvae of herring dupes harengus L., a species with demersal eggs, and plaice Pleuroncctcs platessa L., a species with pelagic eggs. The principal difference between the two species was the occurrence in herring, but not in plaice of considerable increases in water content and in one or both of the above ions at three distinct stages: at fertilization,during the middle stage of egg development, and in the days immediately after hatching. Newly hatched larvae of the two species differed greatly in water content because of the difference in mass and water content of the yolk, not in the water content of the rest of the body. In herring, there were increases in sodium and potassium which coincided broadly with the increase in water content. These differences are related to the gradual acquisition of buoyancy by herring during this period, comparable with the buoyancy conferred on plaice eggs a     

中国区域加权平均温度的时空分析及模型研究

加权平均温度(T_m)是全球卫星导航系统技术反演大气可降水量的关键参数,影响着水汽反演的精度。针对传统的Bevis模型运用在中国区域精度不高的问题,该文提出新的增加时空参数的T_m多元线性回归模型。根据2013—2015年中国86个探空站点的探空资料,分析了T_m的时空特征;然后根据2013年站点资料,利用线性回归建模方法建立了中国区域的T_m单因子回归模型和增加了时空参数的T_m多因子回归模型,并利用2014—2015年的探空数据进行验证。T_m单因子回归模型和T_m多因子回归模型的精度分别为3.1 K和2.6 K,比Bevis模型(精度3.3 K)分别提高了约6.0%和21.2%。考虑到季节对T_m的影响,将T_m多因子回归模型按季节分段,得到按季节分段的T_m多因子回归模型,其精度与T_m多因子回归模型大致相当,但能更细致表达出不同季节T_m的精度情况。结果表明增加了时空参数的T_m多因子回归模型更加适合中国区域的加权平均温度T_m的计算。     

A Comparison Study on the δD Value of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hydrous Pyrolysate of Herbaceous Peat with Different Water Medium

To investigate the influence of diagenetic water media on the hydrogen isotopes of individual sedimentary aromatic compounds, a series of hydrous pyrolyses were conducted on herbaceous peat. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in hydrous pyrolysed samples and their hydrogen isotopic composition characteristics were studied. The aqueous medium demonstrated a significant influence on the hydrogen isotopic composition of the individual PAHs generated during pyrolysis. The results showed that the PAHs formed after pyrolysis in the presence of a saltwater medium with high δD value from a salt lake had a heavy hydrogen isotopic composition. The PAHs formed after pyrolysis in the presence of a fresh water medium with low δD value from a swamp had a light hydrogen isotopic composition. The difference in the average PAH δD value between the two hydrous experiments varied from –174‰ to –109‰, suggesting that the hydrogen isotopic composition of individual sedimentary PAHs can reflect the source of the diagenetic water medium. In addition, a comparative study found that the hydrogen isotopes of PAHs were superior to those of n-alkanes in the same sample for diagenetic water indications. The results indicated that the exchange of water-derived inorganic hydrogen and organic hydrogen was more intensive in freshwater experiments than in saltwater experiments. With an increase in the simulation temperature, the average δD value of PAHs generated in the hydrous simulation experiments showed an increasing trend, reflecting that the δD value of sedimentary PAHs formed with the participation of diagenetic water media was still closely related to the thermal maturity of organic matter. Comparative studies showed that the δD values of different types of organic compounds produced by hydrous pyrolysis of peat were in the order, PAHs > n-alkanes > methane.     

古生代中国中西部三大陆块古地理位置重建与演变

针对古生代中国中西部华北、华南和塔里木三大陆块在全球洋-陆格局中的古地理位置还存在的争议问题,本论文以国际最新的古地理位置重建研究方法和思路,在对中国三大陆块盆地(鄂尔多斯、四川和塔里木盆地)古生界钻井岩心的古地磁实测研究、全球古生代古地磁数据收集与有效性筛选处理、全球主要地质事件约束等多参数融合分析的基础上,采用最新的 GPlates 板块重建方法,对中国华北、华南和塔里木三大陆块在全球洋-陆格局中的古地理位置进行了重建和定位。研究结果表明:古生代三大陆块主要在全球 ±30° 之间的南北中低纬度之间迁移;三大陆块在古生代至少发生了 3 次不同的顺时针旋转和方位角转换;三大陆块运移速率至少经历了 3 次以上不同高、低速度间的转换与变化过程;响应于古生代全球洋-陆形成与演化,中国三大陆块古构造格局总体上经历了洋盆扩张下的“多岛洋”离散、俯冲碰撞下的离散-汇聚并存、俯冲消减下的差异汇聚隆升、新旧洋盆转换下的差异汇聚-离散、拼合与地幔柱控制下的差异汇聚-离散内部拉张的差异性演变过程。古生代中国三大陆块在全球洋-陆格局中的位置与差异性演变,奠定了中国三大陆块古生代不同性质盆地的形成与演化、不同层系油气烃源、储集原始物质差异性发育的基础。     

中国区域BP-Adaboost强预测器对流层天顶延迟建模研究

选取中国大陆构造环境监测网（陆态网）提供的155个测站2014~2018年对流层延迟产品,基于BP-Adaboost算法将多个弱神经网络预测器集成为强预测器,建立新的无气象参数对流层延迟计算模型。利用陆态网2019年参与建模的141个建模测站、未参与建模的62个测站的对流层延迟产品和中国区域86个无线电探空站解算出的对流层延迟精确值对BP-Adaboost模型进行精度评定,结果表明,新模型的平均偏差分别为0.62 mm、-1.16 mm和12.32 mm,均方根误差分别为25.30 mm、26.72 mm和46.29 mm,优于常见的无气象参数模型;BP-Adaboost模型在内陆地区或海拔2 km以上地区具有更高的精度,能够满足中国大陆区域卫星导航用户实时对流层延迟改正的需求。     

A fast algorithm for prestack Gaussian beam migration adopting the steepest descent approximation

In the past, prestack Gaussian beam migration adopted the steepest descent approximation to reduce the dimension of the integrals and speed up the computation. However, the simplified formula by the steepest descent approximation was still in the frequency domain, and it had to be evaluated at each frequency. To solve this problem, we present a fast algorithm by changing the order of the integrals. The innermost integral is regarded as a two-dimensional continuous function with respect to the real part and the imaginary part of the total traveltime. A lookup table corresponding to the value of the innermost integral is constructed at the sampling points. The value of the innermost integral at one imaging point can be obtained through interpolation in the constructed lookup table. The accuracy and efficiency of the fast algorithm are validated with the Marmousi dataset. The application to the Sigsbee2A dataset shows a good result.     

基于自适应加权广义逆矢量方向滤波估计地震同相轴倾角

在断层等不连续位置处估计局部地震同相轴的方向较为困难。在断层、地质边界等处,同相轴不连续,结构不稳定,导致倾角等地震属性变化大。为了克服这个问题,本文提出一种自适应加权广义逆矢量方向滤波方法,通过光滑经过逆转的梯度矢量场来估计局部地震倾角剖面。计算过程是：首先由改进的梯度算子计算梯度矢量场;然后设置垂直向下为参考方向,对梯度矢量场进行逆转;最后通过自适应加权广义逆矢量方向滤波方法估计倾角剖面。自适应加权广义逆矢量方向滤波方法在不连续位置处具有传统倾角估计方法不具有的高分辨率,能够稳健高效地估计地震数据的倾角剖面。理论模型和实际地震资料处理得到的局部地震倾角剖面表明,所提出的方法能够高分辨率地保持构造细节信息。     

基于波前构建法的时间域深度偏移——delta波包途径

作为一种基于射线的局部瞬态场,delta波包源自高斯波束,是高斯波束在时空域的对偶表示,具有高斯波束的全部优点和缺陷。基于delta波包叠加的时间域深度偏移,当射线穿过高速岩体时,受折射效应影响,密度降低,进而导致delta波包的分布密度降低,使成像质量变差,甚至无法成像。为了弥补这个缺陷,本文采用波前构建法计算射线路径。波前构建法能够以插入射线的方式保证均匀的射线分布,从而保证delta波包以均匀的分布密度覆盖整个成像靶区,进而提高成像质量。在具体实现上,采用链表结构替代以往使用的数组结构。Sigsbee 2A模型的数值试算表明,利用波前构建法可以改善高速体下方区域的成像质量,而利用链表存储波前信息要比利用数组至少节省9%的CPU耗时。     

基于CMIP5模式的中国气候变化敏感性预估与分析

以CMIP5提供的26个全球气候系统模式的温度和降水数据为基础,采用区域气候变化指数(Regional Climate Change Index,RCCI)分析中国的不同区域对21世纪气候变化响应的敏感性。结果表明,三种排放情景(RCP 2.6、RCP 4.5、RCP 8.5)下,21世纪全期,气候变化最敏感的区域分布在西藏地区,其次为我国西北地区以及东北地区,气候变化敏感性最低的区域分布在我国内蒙古中东部、华北地区以及长江中下游一带,且高排放情景对应更高的气候变化敏感性。对RCCI指数贡献因子分析结果表明,对中国气候变化敏感性贡献的大小依次为Δσ_TΔσ_pΔRRWAF。冬夏两季温度变化的大值区与RCCI指数的大致区分布一致,RCCI大小的分布很大程度上由温度变化的敏感性决定。而夏季降水变化的大值区主要出现在西藏地区、华南地区和东北地区,冬季降水变化的大值区则主要出现在黄河以南长江以北的中原地区以及东北地区。     

Projection of drought hazards in China during twenty-first century

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Drought is occurring with increased frequency under climate warming. To understand the behavior of drought and its variation in the future, current and future...