排序方式: 共有23条查询结果,搜索用时 609 毫秒
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在我国地面气象观测中,冻土的自动观测一直未能实现,为了解决这一问题,本文基于频域反射(Frequency Domain Reflectometry,FDR)测量原理,通过测量土壤介电常数变化实现冻土测量的方法,设计了一种基于平面电容传感器分层检测冻土的传感器,土壤冻结时,其内部水分会相变为冰,水的介电常数远大于冰,利用水冻结相变后引起介电常数急剧变化的特性,建立了基于土壤介电常数、地温反演冻土的数学模型,并进行了典型土壤实验室冻结试验及外场对比观测试验,结果表明:冻土传感器能正确分辨土壤冻结状态,测量数据与人工观测趋势一致,相关系数可达0.99以上,平均测量误差小于3cm,基于介电特性的冻土传感器可以准确连续测量土壤的冻结深度及其生消变化。 相似文献
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金沙江水电开发区域工程地质环境综合评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
金沙江所流经的川滇交界地区是中国西南典型的活动构造区,区内地震及地质灾害十分严重,所以在金沙江水电梯级规划中,进行该区域的工程地质环境系统评价尤为重要,本文选取对工程地质环境有较大影响的九种因素,从地壳稳定性、地面稳定性、岩土稳定性三方面建立层次分析模型。根据层次分析所取得的因素权重值,按好、较好、一般、较差、差5个等级进行工程地质环境质量综合评价及分工。工程地质环境特征的分区性向我们显示各梯级工程规划选址区所存在的重大工程地质问题。 相似文献
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Inexact fuzzy two-stage programming for water resources management in an environment of fuzziness and randomness 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Qing Hu Guohe Huang Zhenfang Liu Yurui Fan Wei Li 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(2):261-280
A standard lower-side attainment values based inexact fuzzy two-stage programming (SLA-IFTSP) approach is proposed for supporting
multi-water resources management under multi-uncertainties. The method improves upon the existing inexact two-stage stochastic
programming by the introduction of a standard average lower-side attainment values based fuzzy linear programming. Multi-uncertainties
such as intervals, probabilistic and/or possibilistic distributions and their combinations in water resources management can
be directly communicated into the water allocation process. The risk of infeasibility caused by the random water availabilities
can be analyzed by imposing economic penalties when the designed water allocations would not be satisfied after the occurrence
of random seasonal flows. Based on the standard average lower-side attainment index, the fuzzy random relationships representing
various subjective judgments in the model can be transformed into corresponding deterministic ones without additional constraints,
and thus guarantee a higher computational efficiency. A hypothetical case regarding two-source water resources management
is adopted for demonstrating its applicability. Reasonable solutions have been generated. They provide desired water allocations
with maximized system benefit under different water availability levels. The solutions of intervals with different probabilities
can be used for generating decision alternatives. Comparisons between the solutions from SLA-IFTSP and those from ITSP are
also undertaken. They show that SLA-IFTSP can generate more reasonable water allocation patterns with higher net system benefits
than ITSP. 相似文献
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沉积环境的变迁导致岩相的递变,进而控制着裂缝的形成和演化,揭示不同页岩岩相中裂缝的发育规律及有关机制,对于“甜点”层的脆性精细评价具有重要的工程意义。以黔西北地区龙马溪组页岩为例,通过X‐射线衍射实验、偏光显微镜、岩石力学实验以及有限元数值模拟,对不同岩相类型进行了划分,深入探讨了不同页岩岩相类型岩石的力学性质以及破坏模式,最后再现了两种不同岩相叠置的地质体模型中裂缝的形成和演化的动态可视化过程。结果表明:龙马溪组富有机质页岩层段主要发育硅质页岩、钙质硅质混合页岩以及粘土质硅质混合页岩等3种岩相类型;硅质页岩具有较高的应力跌落速率和弹性能量转化效率,裂缝拓展能力较强,岩石整体具有较强的脆性,纵向和横向裂缝均有发育且相互之间发生交会和联结,而钙质硅质混合页岩裂缝拓展能力次之,最弱者为粘土质硅质混合页岩;粘土质硅质混合页岩夹层对孔隙水压力和主应力的传播有较强的应力屏障效应,裂缝跨层传播能力随应力的急剧下降而受到削弱,钙质硅质页岩应力屏障效应较弱,裂缝具有较强的跨层传播能力。这些研究成果对“甜点”层优选、水平井地质导向以及压裂施工参数的调整等具有较好的参考价值。 相似文献
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金沙江流域区域地壳稳定性分区与定量评价 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
金沙江中、下游横穿横断山南北构造带, 新构造运动强烈, 地震活动频繁, 各种内动力地质灾害比较严重, 该区区域地壳稳定性相对较差。为服务于金沙江水电工程规划建设和减灾防灾的需要, 本文对金沙江流域沿江地区进行了地壳稳定性的评价与分区。文中依据地壳稳定性定量评价的原则和方法, 建立地质构造背景、地壳结构、地震以及地球物理等指标, 并将地壳稳定性划分为四个等级:稳定、基本稳定、次稳定和不稳定。然后按照上述系统进行地壳稳定性分区。最后, 综合各项研究资料来确定各区的定量评价指标, 并采用模糊数学方法对各区地壳稳定性进行综合评价。 相似文献
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Yao Ji Guohe Huang Wei Sun Yanfeng Li 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(2):621-633
Water quality management is a significant item in the sustainable development of wetland system, since the environmental influences from the economic development are becoming more and more obvious. In this study, an inexact left-hand-side chance-constrained fuzzy multi-objective programming (ILCFMOP) approach was proposed and applied to water quality management in a wetland system to analyze the tradeoffs among multiple objectives of total net benefit, water quality, water resource utilization and water treatment cost. The ILCFMOP integrates interval programming, left-hand-side chance-constrained programming, and fuzzy multi-objective programming within an optimization framework. It can both handle multiple objectives and quantify multiple uncertainties, including fuzziness (aspiration level of objectives), randomness (pollutant release limitation), and interval parameters (e.g. water resources, and wastewater treatment costs). A representative water pollution control case study in a wetland system is employed for demonstration. The optimal schemes were analyzed under scenarios at different probabilities (p i , denotes the admissible probability of violating the constraint i). The optimal solutions indicated that, most of the objectives would decrease with increasing probability levels from scenarios 1 to 3, since a higher constraint satisfaction probability would lead to stricter decision scopes. This study is the first application of the ILCFMOP model to water quality management in a wetland system, which indicates that it is applicable to other environmental problems under uncertainties. 相似文献