“十三五”期间中国探矿权及地质勘查投资时空演变

基于详细的统计数据,从时间、空间、结构等多个纬度,对中国探矿权及地质勘查投资情况进行了时间序列、因素相关性等对比分析和综合研究,为政府管理部门制定政策和规划提供参考依据。通过研究,揭示了影响探矿权及地质勘查投资的主要因素、底层逻辑和发展规律,并认为受国内外宏观经济增速放缓、地缘政治等因素影响,特别是国内相关产业政策、生态和环境保护压力,“十三五”期间中国探矿权数、地质勘查投入和新发现矿产地持续大幅度减少。“十三五”期间,新立探矿权同比减少52.1%,注销探矿权数是“十二五”期间的3.7倍多。油气矿产的探矿权登记面积和地质勘查投资分别占全国的96%和77.6%;非油气矿产探矿权数占全国的90%以上,有近60%的非油气探矿权在西部地区;非油气地质勘查投资中,水工环及科技等投资额占居半壁江山。预计中国在能源矿产、战略性矿产等勘查领域将增加勘查投入,地质勘查投资将于2024年后逐渐走出低谷。     

矿床成矿系列研究的若干问题与方向——兼论非金属矿床成矿系列研究的有关问题

矿床成矿系列研究是当前区域成矿学研究的重要内容。自70年代末提出矿床成矿系列的概念以来,矿床成矿系列的研究无论在金属矿床方面还是在非金属矿床方面都已取得重要进展。笔者对比了非金属矿床与金属矿床成矿系列的概念、层次划分、分类、研究内容和命名,分析了矿床成矿系列研究的现状,并讨论了矿床成矿系列研究存在的问题。笔者认为,成矿系列的概念应予统一,在层次划分和分类上应有统一的标准,还应考虑到金属矿床与非金属矿床的统一性和差异性。     

厘米波频谱日像仪模拟接收机方案探讨

描述了一种宽带厘米波频谱日像仪模拟接收机的设计方案。用实际器件参数计算了模拟接收机分系统的关键技术参数:信噪比、动态范围。分析表明所设计方案满足日像仪的系统指标要求。     

油气化探理论、方法与应用

化探是油气勘查的一种手段。利用井中化探的实际资料, 讨论烃类垂向微运移的证据, 论述了综合在气体法、轻芳烃法和同位素法是油气化探的有效方法与指标。阐述油气化探概查、普查、精查及地球化学录井等工作阶段的任务及其地质意义。应用典型探例说明油气化探方法的有效性。     

国内外绿色建材开发研究进展

绿色建材是一种既不破坏环境、又能保护环境、节约能源和资源、满足社会发展的新型建筑材料。本文扼要回顾了绿色建材的研究史、概念及内容,对国内外绿色建材的进展作了述评。指出应提高环境保护意识,大力开发和使用绿色建材,提高人类居住环境的健康、安全条件,以保证社会可持续发展。     

辽东早元古代富镁质碳酸盐岩建造菱镁矿和滑石矿床成矿条件

辽东地区早元古代大石桥组赋存有富镁质的碳酸盐岩建造，其中产有大型或超大型菱镁矿、滑石矿床。文章在前人工作的基础上，结合近年来的野外调查和研究工作，从大地构造背景、含矿建造、岩相古地理、成矿构造、成矿流体等几方面讨论了辽东菱镁矿和滑石矿床的成矿条件。研究结果表明，该地区菱镁矿矿床是元古代海相蒸发沉积条件下形成的，而滑石矿床则是由埋藏海水演化而来的富硅质高盐度的变质流体对镁质碳酸盐岩交代的产物。     

辽东古元古代富镁质碳酸盐岩建造菱镁矿滑石矿床成矿流体研究

辽东地区古元古代大石桥组中分布有富镁质碳酸盐岩建造，并产有大型或超大型菱镁矿、滑石矿床。笔者等近期在该地区野外工作中发现了沉积型石膏岩，并对其和菱镁矿滑石围岩进行了相应的稳定同位素和流体包裹体研究。稳定同位素分析结果为δ^13C一般-1．8‰～ 1．2‰、δ^18Ol0‰～20‰，δ^14SVCDT23．9‰～26．5‰；结合菱镁矿和白云岩流体包裹体形态和成分特征，笔者等认为早期镁质非金属矿床的形成与古元古代的海相蒸发岩系有关，古海水演化而来的变质成矿流体对后期滑石矿床的形成起着重要的控制作用。     

Similarities and differences in driving factors of precipitation changes on the western Loess Plateau and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau at different timescales

Climate change constitutes the superposition of climatic variations at different timescales and is affected by driving factors at multiple scales. Therefore, clarifying the changes in and driving factors of the climate at different timescales is crucial for climate predictions. Here, using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, we obtained four components of the western Loess Plateau (WLP) precipitation at the interannual, interdecadal, multidecadal and centennial scales and the long-term change trend, which accounted for 40.4, 33.5, 11.5, 11.6 and 3.0%, respectively, of the total variance in the tree-ring-based precipitation reconstruction during 1566–2013 AD. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) mainly affected the interannual-decadal, multidecadal and centennial changes, respectively, before increasing anthropogenic aerosol emissions began influencing the WLP precipitation. Using the same method, we also obtained four components of the precipitation on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) at different timescales and found that the interannual-decadal and multidecadal changes in the precipitation on the NETP exhibited good relationships with the changes in the WLP precipitation over the past four centuries and were also mainly affected by ENSO and the PDO, respectively. The correlation between the WLP and NETP precipitation at the centennial scale was mainly positive, and the precipitation relationship between these two regions was affected by solar radiation and the AMV to some extent. However, due to the effects of global warming on NETP precipitation and the effects of increasing anthropogenic aerosols on WLP precipitation, this correlation has become negative in recent decades, indicating that without the influences of human activities, the precipitation on the WLP would be positively related to the NETP precipitation.

     

An Experimental Study of Mixture Corrosion Effects of Carbonate Rocks in the Transitional Zone of Littoral Karst Areas

The mechanism for development of littoral karst differs from that of inland karst, and the mixture corrosion effects are one of the most important factors that control the development of littoral karst. Through seven groups of static experiments carried out in a closed CO2-H2O system, basic conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) the basic law of corrosion process in a transitional zone of seawater-freshwater in littoral karst areas is identical with that in the fresh water, i.e., the lithologic characteristics and rock structure are the main factors which control the development of littoral karst; (2) the mixture corrosion rate of the carbonate rock in the above transitional zone is faster than that in fresh water or seawater; (3) the mechanism for development of carbonate rocks differs at various pressures of CO2 in a transitional zone in littoral karst areas.