Changes of Terrestrial Water Storage in the Yellow River Basin Under Global Warming

The increasing temperature in the Yellow River Basin has led to a rapid rise in the melting level height, at a rate of 5.98 m yr–1 during the cold season, which further contributes to the transition from snowfall to rainfall patterns. Between 1979 and 2020, there has been a decrease in snowfall in the Yellow River Basin at a rate of –3.03 mm dec–1, while rainfall has been increasing at a rate of 1.00 mm dec–1. Consequently, the snowfall-to-rainfall ratio (SRR) has decreased. Snowfall directly replenishes terrestrial water storage (TWS) in solid form until it melts, while rainfall is rapidly lost through runoff and evaporation, in addition to infiltrating underground or remaining on the surface. Therefore, the decreasing SRR accelerates the depletion of water resources. According to the surface water balance equation, the reduction in precipitation and runoff, along with an increase in evaporation, results in a decrease in TWS during the cold season within the Yellow River Basin. In addition to climate change, human activities, considering the region’s dense population and extensive agricultural land, also accelerate the decline of TWS. Notably, irrigation accounts for the largest proportion of water withdrawals in the Yellow River Basin (71.8%) and primarily occurs during the warm season (especially from June to August). The impact of human activities and climate change on the water cycle requires further in-depth research.     

黄河流域城镇化对地下水的影响分析

黄河流域是我国重要的生态屏障,也是我国粮食作物的主要产区。近年来,随着城镇化的发展,当地水资源分配出现了显著变化。因此,厘清黄河流域城镇化作用下水循环的改变对制定黄河流域城镇化政策具有重要意义。本文利用资源环境科学与数据中心的黄河流域下垫面数据、世界人口数据集的人口密度和Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (Grace)的Center for Space Research (CSR)陆地总水储量格点数据,开展了黄河流域城镇化过程中地下水的变化特征分析工作。结果表明：黄河流域城镇化程度具有显著的空间差异,下游存在明显的城镇化加剧现象;全域人口密度整体呈上升趋势,其中下游的人口增长趋势最大;黄河流域的地下水呈下降趋势,以下游的地下水下降最为显著。通过对比黄河流域新增城镇、不变城镇和消失城镇的地下水变化差异,发现地下水下降幅度最小出现在消失城镇,新增城镇的地下水下降幅度小于不变城镇的区域。因此,黄河流域城镇化对地下水的减少具有显著的作用,新增城镇地下水并没有出现显著下降的结果也说明近年来城镇化后的地下水保护政策取得的效果良好。     

SuperMap三维专题信息展示系统的设计与实现

专题地图主要由地理基础和专题内容组成,地理基础作为编制专题内容的骨架,表示专题内容的地理位置及与地理环境的关系。传统的专题信息主要以二维专题地图的形式展现,依靠GIS的制图表达和空间分析能力来展示与专题内容相关的信息。基于三维空间的专题信息展示,除了集成影像、地形、矢量、模型等基础地理数据,还可以借助地理空间位置丰富专题业务数据,表达社会化多媒体信息。同时借助三维空间展示效果,以时间轴的形式反映空间范围内的信息动态变化。本文探讨了借助三维GIS,融合地理基础信息及社会媒体信息,形成多维尺度的信息展现方式,有序直观的反映整个专题的内容,丰富专题信息的表达效果。