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高寒河谷灌丛冠层降雨再分配特征及影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过植被冠层的降雨被分割成冠层截留、穿透雨和树干茎流3个部分,这个过程(冠层降雨再分配)是高寒河谷灌丛生态演变的关键驱动因子之一,对于认识高寒河谷灌丛的水文循环过程及水分收支规律也具有重要意义。选取青海湖流域最重要的河谷灌丛--具鳞水柏枝作为研究对象,通过野外定点观测,深入分析了冠层降雨再分配特征及影响因素\.结果显示:①穿透雨量、树干茎流量、冠层截留量占同期降雨量的比例平均为48.40%、4.04%和47.56%,并在不同降雨量等级之间存在显著差异;②冠层降雨再分配各组成要素(穿透雨、树干茎流、冠层截留)与降雨特征参数存在高度相关性,伴随降雨量和降雨历时的增加,穿透雨量、树干茎流量、冠层截留量占同期降雨量的比例均逐渐趋于稳定,极限稳定值分别介于60.45%~61.07%、6.45%~7.42%、33.11%~34.17%;③产生穿透雨和树干茎流的临界降雨量分别为1.10 mm和1.87 mm,表明2 mm以下的降雨对土壤水分的补给基本没有贡献。因此,高寒河谷灌丛冠层降雨再分配与其他林木类型存在明显差异,需要深入研究其内在机制及水分利用规律。 相似文献
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通过对毛乌素沙地沙柳灌丛降雨截留量及树干茎流的实验观测,分析了降雨量和降雨强度对沙柳灌丛的降雨截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量的影响,并确定了截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量在降雨分配中的百分数。实验期间降雨总量为136.5 mm,沙柳灌丛的截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量分别为34.0、98.5和4.0 mm,占降雨量的百分比分别为24.9%、72.2%和2.9%。沙柳灌丛的降雨截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量与降雨量和10 min最大雨强之间均呈显著正相关,而截留量、穿透雨量占降雨量的百分比与降雨量之间呈显著的双曲线函数关系。 相似文献
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青藏高原青海湖流域环境与经济协调性评价(英文) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Qinghai Lake Watershed (QLW) is a hot place of a series of ecological restoration and environmental remediation programs nowadays.However,little information is available on change of ecosystem service and economic practice in this area.As ecosystem service and natural capital are closely related with social and economic development,an index of concordance between environment and economy (ICEE) has been proposed to compare the annual variation rate of ecosystem service value (RESV) with that of gross domestic product (RGDP).Using this Index,we have assessed concordance between environment and economy (CEE) for the QLW in the period 1977-2004.The result showed that from 1977 to 2004,the ecosystem service value in the QLW descended from 128.81×10 8 yuan to 127.32×10 8 yuan;In contrast,the GDP increased from 0.931×10 8 yuan to 8.856×10 8 yuan.The values of the I CEE were -1.14,-0.22,and -0.14 in the stages of 1977-1987,1987-2000 and 2000-2004,respectively.The result indicated that during the first stage 1977-1987,the relationship between environment and economy in the QLW was not concordant but at a high conflict;from 1987 to 2004,there was a low conflict between environment and economy,and the CEE appeared to increase slowly.Analysis of the assessment results showed that the national policies and industrial adjustment practice play an important role in the CEE changes. 相似文献
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毛乌素沙地南缘凝结水观测实验分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用称重法对2007年8月期间毛乌素沙地南缘不同地表类型(改良沙地、生物结皮、物理结皮和流沙)、沙丘不同部位的凝结水形成动态过程进行了系统观测。结果表明:改良沙地凝结水量达0.206mm/d,显著大于生物结皮、物理结皮和流沙,生物结皮凝结水量为0.100mm/d,显著高于流沙,而其他两者之间凝结水量无显著性差异;沙丘不同部位凝结水量差异显著,丘间地凝结水量最大,沙丘坡面次之,沙丘顶部最少,日凝结水量分别为0.0873mm/d、0.0768mm/d和0.0674mm/d;从凝结水形成过程看出凝结水一般在每天17:00产生,次日7:00结束,在夜晚21:00和凌晨3:00左右出现2个凝结水较大值;凝结水的形成与气象因子密切相关,凝结水量与地表温度、大气和地表温度差以及净辐射具有显著相关性。 相似文献
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