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西江流域致洪暴雨的准双周振荡及大气环流模型 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为了做好西江流域致洪暴雨的中期预报,采用小波分析、Lanczos滤波器分析了1961—2008年西江流域13次致洪暴雨期间降水与850 hPa风场的低频振荡特征,研究了850 hPa风场的10~30天低频传播对致洪暴雨的影响,并采用合成分析建立了由西风带系统导致的致洪暴雨准双周振荡的大气环流模型。结果表明,致洪暴雨期间降水主要以10~20天的准双周振荡为主,它们多数与西江流域850 hPa风场8~35天振荡的正位相有较好的对应关系。来自西江流域以南逐渐向北传播的低频纬向风或来自30 °N附近逐渐南传并加强的低频纬向风与多数来自西北太平洋向西传播的低频纬向风在西江流域相遇,是导致致洪暴雨具有准双周振荡的可能原因之一。当500 hPa巴尔喀什湖以东的高压脊开始隆起并逐渐东移,我国东北-华北-长江中下游逐渐转为明显的华北低槽控制,华南由青藏高原东部弱的西风槽转为明显的高空槽控制,副高不断加强西伸,同时850 hPa上空来自孟加拉湾穿过中南半岛的西南风不断加强,位于华南急流轴以西弱的气旋性弯曲也不断加强,地面上转为东高西低、等压线经向度明显,西江流域致洪暴雨开始并逐渐达到强盛期。这些特征可作为西江流域致洪暴雨的中期预报提供参考依据。 相似文献
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该文采用合成分析、相关分析等方法研究了影响广东省6月的最长一段暴雨日数的气候特征,并对有无长连续暴雨过程的同期及其前期环流场和海温场进行分析。结果表明:7 d以上的长连续暴雨大都出现在20世纪90年代以后。长连续暴雨过程500 hPa合成平均环流场上, 高纬度地区呈西高东低、低纬度地区呈东高西低分布。中高纬度地区欧洲槽较深,巴尔喀什湖—贝加尔湖为明显的高压脊,说明经向环流较强,冷空气活动频繁。低纬度地区南支槽活跃,副热带高压较强,有利于冷暖交绥于华南沿海,形成长连续暴雨过程。根据长连续暴雨过程的海温合成平均距平图,东太平洋Ni?o4区海温为负距平、Ni?o3区为较弱正距平,黑潮海区为较明显的正距平中心,西风漂流区以较弱的负距平为主。研究还揭示了长连续暴雨过程3—6月海温场发生了较为激烈的演变,Ni?o3,Ni?o4区海温是一个由负变正的增温过程,而无连续暴雨过程3—6月海温场的演变维持为El Ni?o海温分布型。 相似文献
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对广州市11月份气温、降水、台风、暴雨等要素和天气过程的气候背景进行统计分析。结果表明:11月广州市平均气温19.6℃,历年最低4.9℃,历年最高33.4℃,月平均降水量35.4 mm,历年最多月雨量142.7 mm;冷空气平均每月出现0.8次左右,中等强度冷空气每月出现1次左右,弱冷空气每月大约出现3~4次,没有寒潮影响;降水过程开始减少,强降水出现的概率也较少,虽然仍然有大雨和暴雨出现的可能,但机会不多,是小概率事件;59年中11月份登陆和严重影响广东省的热带气旋只有11个,是小概率事件。 相似文献
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The variation characteristics of precipitation during the winter (between October and the
following March, to be referred to as just “the winter” hereafter) in Guangdong province during the past 50
years (from 1957 to 2006) and the relationship with Pacific SST are studied using the methods of
Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, wavelet analysis, and correlation analysis. The results
show that The Guangdong precipitation during the winter exhibits quasi-periodic significant oscillations of
40 years and 2 years; rainfall is less from the end of the 1950s to the start of the 1970s and from the end of
the 1990s to the present than from the mid 1970s to the mid 1990s. The frequency of sustained drought is
more than sustained flooding during the winter. The Guangdong precipitation during this time period is in
significantly positive correlation to the equatorial central and eastern Pacific SST, but in a significantly
negative correlation with the western and northern Pacific SST east of the Philippine Sea. 61.5% of the
sustained drought occurred in the phase of negative anomalies of the Ni?o3.4 index and 38.5% in the
phase of positive ones. A composite analysis of atmospheric circulation is performed for the positive and
negative phases of the Ni?o3.4 region associated with the sustained drought. The results showed that a
weak polar vortex, a strong trough in Europe and a ridge near Balkhash Lake, active cold air and consistent
northerly wind anomalies controlling Guangdong at low levels, an inactive westerly low disturbance in the
low-mid latitude of the Asian continent, and a weak southern branch westerly trough, are all mutual causes
for the sustained drought. 相似文献
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