排序方式: 共有39条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON INTENSITY CHANGE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES OVER THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
55-year (1949 - 2003) data sets are used to study the statistical characteristics in intensity change of the tropical cyclones (TC) over the western North Pacific. According to the mathematical meaning of average value and standard deviation, the abruptly intensifying, gradually intensifying, stable intensity, gradually weakening and abruptly weakening of TC intensity are defined and the statistical characteristics, such as inter-decadal variation, inter-annual variation, inter-monthly variation, and regional distribution, etc. are analyzed. Main results are as follows: (1) From 1949 to 2003, there were 1886 TCs, averaging at 34.29 TCs per year. After 1995, the number of TCs dropped dramatically with less than 30 per year. 3.56% of the total were abruptly intensifying samples, and 3.31% were weakening samples. (2) For the annual mean, all but the stable group tend to decrease with the shift of decades as far as the overall change of the 6-h isallobaric process is concerned. (3) The abruptly intensifying TC seldom occurs over mid- and high-latitude area (north of 30°N) and low-latitude area and sometimes occurs around the islands and continent. Basically there is no gradually intensifying of TC over mid- and high- latitude area (north of 30°N and west of 125°E), in offshore Chinese waters. The gradually weakening and abruptly weakening TCs usually occur offshore China, west of 125 °E, but seldom over low-latitude area (0 - 5°N). 相似文献
2.
对华北一次特大台风暴雨过程的位涡诊断分析 总被引:36,自引:23,他引:36
通过对9608号台风低压及其外围暴雨位和等熵面上物理量场的分析,揭示了台风低压北上诱发暴雨过程的位涡场的结构及冷空气对暴雨增幅的作用,给出此次暴雨增幅过程的图像。分析表明:对流层低层中高纬度冷空气(高位涡)扩散南下在台风低压环流区附近的“侵入”作用是此次特大暴雨过程的最重要的原因之一;等熵面位涡的分析进一步说明了中高纬地区冷空气的活动状况;对流层高层或平流层低层位涡的下传有利于位势不稳定能量的释放 相似文献
3.
Employing the mesoscale WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) model, Super Typhoon
Saomai (2006) is simulated. The variation of track and intensity and its offshore rapid
intensification process are well demonstrated by the model, and the temperature and humidity
patterns associated with the dry cold air activity and their impact on and mechanism of the
offshore rapid intensification of Saomai are mainly studied in this paper. The results
indicate that high-resolution water vapor imagery can visually reveal the development,
evolution, interaction as well as the mutual complementation of the dry cold air activity
accompanied with the development of Saomai. The offshore rapid intensification phenomenon of
Saomai is closely related to the dry cold air which originates from the upper- and mid-
troposphere. Besides, the dry cold air from the upper troposphere is stronger than that from
the mid-troposphere. Saomai intensifies as the dry cold air from the northwest moves toward
its circulation but weakens when the dry cold air from the southwest is drawn into the storm.
Dry cold airflows and their cold advection effect caused by the downward motion across the
isentropic surface are favorable to the development of Saomai. The dry cold air always moves
along an isentropic surface from the upper troposphere to the mid-troposphere around the
typhoon circulation and contributes to Saomai’s abrupt intensity change. 相似文献
4.
梅雨锋云系的结构特征及其成因分析 总被引:7,自引:9,他引:7
利用逐时卫星遥感观测资料和地面测站的降水资料,分析了江淮流域2003年6月22~26日暴雨过程中梅雨锋云系的演变、结构特征和形成原因。结果表明,梅雨锋云系为一条TBB的低值带,稳定少动,其上分布着中尺度对流系统(MCS),而中尺度对流系统是由不同尺度、不同强度.的对流单体(包括中β和中γ尺度对流单体)组成的,从而使得梅雨锋云系产生不均匀的降水分布(包括时间上和空间上)。在该暴雨过程中,梅雨锋云系充分体现了中尺度对流系统中所包括的3类组织结构形式。梅雨锋云系与中高纬度云系或热带辐合带云系之间的相互作用与暴雨过程关系密切,梅雨锋云系的维持和发展与强大的黄淮气旋云系直接相关,它是江淮流域上空冷暖气流交汇的结果。 相似文献
5.
干侵入的研究及其应用进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
全面综述了国外近年来干侵入(dry intrusion)研究的进展和有关结果,概括总结了干侵入的基本理论、结构特征、在天气和次天气系统发展中的作用及其数值模拟结果;干侵入研究中有待于继续进行和深入的研究方向。明确了干侵入是源于对流层高层下沉至低层的高位涡低湿空气,它在气旋的爆发性发展、暴雨的增幅、位势不稳定的增强、中气旋的产生发展等方面起着重要的促进作用,同时,它能够影响冷锋的演变及其降水特征。因此,对干侵入及其机制的进一步研究具有较大的理论价值和实际天气预报意义。 相似文献
6.
完全Q矢量的引入及其诊断分析 总被引:30,自引:14,他引:30
参照准地转Q矢量推导,考虑天气系统发展的主要热力强迫因子-非绝热加热作用,引出考虑非绝热效应的完全Q矢量的概念,并应用于实例分析。结果表明,完全Q矢量能较清楚地揭示暴雨天气系统的演变;考虑了湿过程的完全Q矢量在暴雨的诊断过程中显示了更大的优越性;定性而言,完全Q矢量散度的辐合中心或辐合线、散度场和锋生函数场有助于确定暴雨的落区,暴雨区正好落在低层完全Q矢量散度场辐合中心和锋生函数场正值中心之间;定量而言,低层完全Q矢量散度场辐合中心和锋生函数场正值中心大小对暴雨强度有显著的指示作用。因而在暴雨的诊断和预报过程中完全Q矢量散度和锋生函数是两个重要的参数。 相似文献
7.
8.
应用非线性动力系统的研究方法, 基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 以超强台风 “桑美” (2006) 在我国近海的突然增强和突然减弱过程为例, 从动能角度分析热带气旋能量发展的条件, 将分析结果转化为可用于分析预测热带气旋强度变化的实用指标, 如非热成风涡度、 热成风偏差及其垂直变化。结果表明: 热带气旋中心附近存在非热成风涡度负值中心, 有利于近海热带气旋突然增强; 非热成风涡度的变化与热带气旋中心气压变化有较好的一致性。当扰动自下向上传播时, 在热带气旋增强阶段热成风偏差为正值, 而在减弱阶段为负值; 当外围波扰向内核传播时, 在热带气旋增强阶段热成风偏差垂直变化为负值, 而在减弱阶段为正值, 热成风偏差及其垂直变化的这种变化在对流层中低层更明显。当扰动自下向上、 自外围向内核传播时, 在热带气旋增强阶段非热成风涡度为负值、 热成风偏差为正值、 热成风偏差垂直变化为负值; 减弱阶段则相反。 相似文献
9.
10.
2003年梅雨期干冷空气的活动及其对梅雨降水的作用 总被引:36,自引:8,他引:28
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和卫星云图,分析了2003年梅雨期暴雨过程中干冷空气侵入和演变的特征以及干冷空气侵入对暴雨发生、发展和维持的作用,得到以下结论:梅雨期中高纬度环流的演变和调整与暴雨过程密切相关,亚洲北部阻塞高压的建立和维持,使得500 hPa高度上西风锋区南压,导致干冷空气南下,极涡活动的异常偏东和加强有助于冷空气向江淮流域输送,有利于江淮流域暴雨的发展.在江淮流域梅雨期间,干冷空气的活跃与暴雨过程相对应.干冷空气来源于中高纬度和中高层,当它南下或下降到达江淮流域以北或上空时,与北上的暖湿气流交汇,使得暴雨产生和发展.中低层30°N以北的正环流的下沉支是干冷空气的输送"载体";江淮流域以北的对流层中低层的北风对淮河流域对流层的形成和发展起着重要作用,同样,高层北风所产生的高空辐散叠置于低层辐合区之上,有利于江淮流域暴雨的发生发展.而且,干冷空气的侵入有利于干层的形成和维持,干层的存在加强了暴雨过程的对流性不稳定,对暴雨的加强和发展起重要作用.干冷空气侵入是梅雨湿度锋形成和维持的一个重要动力和热力原因.卫星云图上分析发现,干冷空气的侵入轨迹为一条明显的暗区,干冷空气南下侵入到黄河以南后,分为两支,其中一支"干侵入2"从西南方向侵入,与冷锋云系相互作用,对暴雨的发生和发展起着关键的作用,这与Browning等强调的"干侵入"不尽相同. 相似文献