A technique to improve the empirical mode decomposition in the Hilbert-Huang transform

The Hilbert-based time-frequency analysis has promising capacity to reveal the time-variant behaviors of a system. To admit well-behaved Hilbert transforms, component decomposition of signals must be performed beforehand. This was first systematically implemented by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in the Hilbert-Huang transform, which can provide a time-frequency representation of the signals. The EMD, however, has limitations in distinguishing different components in narrowband signals commonly found in free-decay vibration signals. In this study, a technique for decomposing components in narrowband signals based on waves’ beating phenomena is proposed to improve the EMD, in which the time scale structure of the signal is unveiled by the Hilbert transform as a result of wave beating, the order of component extraction is reversed from that in the EMD and the end effect is confined. The proposed technique is verified by performing the component decomposition of a simulated signal and a free decay signal actually measured in an instrumented bridge structure. In addition, the adaptability of the technique to time-variant dynamic systems is demonstrated with a simulated time-variant MDOF system.     

高阶BOC调制信号无模糊跟踪技术性能比较

BOC调制方式提升了导航信号的性能和频谱资源利用率,但是自相关函数的多峰特性使信号接收面临新的问题。本文研究高阶BOC调制方式及其无模糊跟踪技术,主要分析了Bump-Jump算法、BPSK-like算法、SCPC算法和双环路算法,比较不同跟踪技术的硬件复杂度、计算复杂度、跟踪精度和跟踪稳定性,结果可为接收机设计提供参考。     

基于流溪河模型的新丰江水库入库洪水预报模型研究

基于流溪河模型构建了不同空间分辨率的新丰江水库入库洪水预报模型,采用粒子群算法优选模型参数进行洪水模拟,对比实测资料验证了模型性能。结果表明,建立的新丰江水库入库洪水预报流溪河模型模拟效果优良,符合新丰江水库入库洪水预报的精度要求,可用于新丰江水库入库洪水预报：90 m空间分辨率的模型模拟效果最好,200 m空间分辨率的模型也具有良好的模拟性能,500 m空间分辨率的模型模拟性能有明显降低。模型计算工作量随分辨率的提高呈指数增加,90 m空间分辨率的参数优选时间是200 m空间分辨率参数优选时间的7.04倍,而200 m空间分辨率的参数优选时间是500 m空间分辨率参数优选时间的3.53倍。     

Variation in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity along the hillslope of collapsing granite gullies

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) affects the soil hydrological process and is influenced by many factors that exhibit strong spatial variations. To accurately measure K_s and its scale, spatial variability and relationship with collapsing gullies, we analysed four double-ring infiltrometer diameters in three soil layers during in situ experiments designed to measure K_s in two typical collapsing gullies (three slope sites) in Tongcheng County of China. The results showed that K_s increased with increasing inner ring diameter, but no significant difference existed between inner diameters of 30 and 40 cm. The K_s in red soil layers was higher than that in sandy soil layers, the transition layers had the lowest values. K_s also varied with slope position, gradually decreasing with distance from the gully head. The suggestion is that the spatial variation in K_s is affected not only by the intrinsic soil properties but also by the interaction with the collapsing gully.     

An Updated Review of Event Attribution Approaches

There have been considerable high-impact extreme events occurring around the world in the context of climate change. Event attribution studies, which seek to qu...     

AItBOC信号码跟踪性能研究

通过分析A1tBOC（15,10）信号的功率谱密度、自相关函数,得出该信号在码跟踪性能上的理论优势,并根据Betz码跟踪评估理论仿真分析了接收机前端带宽、相关器间隔、环路鉴别器类型、载噪比以及全频带和单边带两种接收方式对该信号码跟踪精度的影响,并且通过与BPSK（10）、BOC（15,10）和单边带AltBoc（15,10）信号对比,得出AltBOC（15,10）信号在码跟踪精度上的优势,为AltBOC接收机设计提供理论依据。     

The application of geostatistical inversion in shale lithofacies prediction: a case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi marine shale in Fuling area in the southeast Sichuan Basin,China

Based on cores, well logs and seismic data, we established the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and predicted the shale lithofacies distribution within the sequence stratigraphic framework using geostatistical inversion. The results of our study show that the Lower Member of the Longmaxi Formation is a third order sequence that includes a transgressive systems tract (TST), an early highstand systems tract (EHST) and a late highstand systems tract (LHST). Four lithofacies units have been recognized, specifically siliceous shale, argillaceous shale, calcareous shale and mixed shale. The results of geostatistical inversion reveal that the TST is characterized by flaky siliceous shale and some sparsely distributed calcareous shale. The EHST is dominated by mixed shale with minor amounts of siliceous shale, which occurs in only a small area. Moreover, in the LHST, argillaceous shale occupies almost the entire study region. Comparing to traditional geological research with geophysical research, the vertical resolution of the predictive results of geostatistical inversion could reach 1–2 m. Geostatistical inversion effectively solves the problem of precisely identifying the lithofacies in the Fuling shale gas field and predicting their spatial distribution. This successful study showcases the potential of this method for carrying out marine shale lithofacies prediction in China and other locations with similar geological backgrounds.     

基于Landsat的多分类器集成遥感影像分类

针对传统的单分类器分类精度低,难以满足遥感影像分类精度要求高的问题,该文提出了一种多分类器集成分类方法。该方法有效地将支持向量机算法、C4.5决策树算法和人工神经网络算法进行了组合,实现了多种分类器集成的优势互补,在提高单个类别分类精度的基础上实现了整体精度的提高。该文基于Landsat遥感影像,利用多分类器集成分类技术,获取广州市自1987年以来的土地利用/地表覆盖数据,以平均3年为一个时段,共制作11期数据。实验结果表明,产品分类的平均精度达到88.12%,Kappa系数平均值达到0.868,高于3种基分类器的分类精度,对各种地物的分类精度也明显提高。     

基于微米CT页岩微裂缝表征方法研究

页岩储层中的微裂缝是页岩气的储集空间,也是页岩气运移、散失的重要通道。通过微米CT扫描、场发射扫描电镜(FE- SEM)和岩芯观测等手段,明确了焦石坝地区JYA井龙马溪组页岩微裂缝结构特征,对比了微裂缝在不同条件下(地表或地层)的张开度及其对页岩渗透率的贡献,初步探讨了微裂缝对页岩纳米孔隙保存的影响。结果表明：① 基于微米CT可将页岩样品分为基质组分、高密度矿物(如黄铁矿)及裂缝三个部分,其体积比分别为97. 88%、0. 88%和1. 24%;② 微裂缝在空间上主要呈孤立状、细长条状或锯齿弯曲状,其长度分布范围为3. 4~299μm,以3. 4~20μm为主,平均为12. 44μm;③ 微裂缝在地层中的张开度约为2. 2~30. 33μm,平均为3. 97μm,相对于地表张开度(平均为6. 24μm)降低了36. 38%。尽管这部分微裂缝体积仅占页岩样品总体积的0. 7%,却提供了页岩储层中70%以上的渗透率。笔者认为JYA井龙马溪组页岩内部大量发育的网状结构微裂缝是页岩气沿着“孔隙—微裂缝—宏观裂缝”路径发生强烈“解吸—运移—逸散”作用的重要通道,进而导致孔隙因流体压力降低而压缩变形和闭合,不利于纳米孔隙的保存,这对于研究微裂缝在页岩储层中主要为储集空间或逸散通道具有重要的现实意义。     

水资源经济政策CGE模型及在北京市的应用

水资源经济政策的研究对于解决突出的水问题具有重要意义,本文采用2002 年北京市投入产出表和有关 的水资源公报等数据,通过单列水行业和废污水行业建立了基于一般均衡理论的水资源经济CGE(Computable General Equilibrium)模型和相应的42×53 多部门水资源投入产出表,利用GEMPACK 软件包,对北京市水资源经济 政策进行了模拟和分析。模拟显示,当水价增加10%时,行业产出和销售量变化呈现不同的特点和变动趋势;当水 量增加10%时,造成行业产出的变化和销售量的变动也值得深虑。该成果可为制定和实施水资源政策提供决策参 考及模拟平台。