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ABSTRACTOil spill forecast modelling is typically used immediately after a spill to predict oil dispersal and promote mobilisation of more effective response operations. The aim of this work was to map oil dispersal after the grounding of the MV Rena on Astrolabe Reef and to verify the results against observations. Model predictions were broadly consistent with observed distribution of oil contamination. However, some hot spots of oil accumulation, likely due to surf-zone and rip current circulation, were not well represented. Additionally, the model was run with 81 differing wind conditions to show that the events occurring during the grounding represented the typical likely behaviour of an oil spill on Astrolabe Reef. Oil dispersal was highly dependent on prevailing wind patterns; more accurate prediction would require better observations of local wind patterns. However, comparison of predictions with observations indicated that the GNOME model was an effective low-cost approach. 相似文献
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Journal of Geographical Systems - Auckland, the largest city of New Zealand, is one of the most diverse cities in the world, with more than 40% of its population born abroad, more than 200... 相似文献
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Journal of Geographical Systems - 相似文献
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A burgeoning literature has emerged during the last two decades to assess the economic impacts of immigration on host countries.
In this paper, we outline the quantitative approaches presented in the literature to estimate the impact of immigration on
the labour market, particularly at the regional level. We then revisit the joint impacts of immigration on wages and employment
using a meta-analytic approach. As a novel contribution to previous meta-analyses on labour market impacts, we use a simultaneous
equations approach to the meta-analysis of wage and employment effects. Using 129 effect sizes, we find that the observed
local wage and employment effects are very small indeed. Generally, the employment impact is more pronounced in Europe than
in the United States. Controls for endogeneity show a somewhat more negative impact. Wage rigidity increases the magnitude
of the employment impact on the native born. The demarcation of the local labour market in terms of geography and skills matters
also. 相似文献
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