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1.
The sub-iron-iron flux ratio in cosmic rays at an atmospheric depth of 9.8 g cm–2 has been estimated using a balloon-borne CR-39 (HCB) stack launched from Alice Springs for 32 hours. The recovered and chemically etched plates were analysed optically and the measured etch pit diameters yielded the sub-iron-iron flux ratio at the flight altitude. The sub-iron-iron flux ratio has been corrected for the top of the atmosphere by considering the loss of heavy ions due to nuclear interaction and fragmentation. The present result has been compared with the result expected from the source composition derived by Protheroeet al. as well as other authors. 相似文献
2.
3.
Influence of biotic-abiotic factors on the degradation of novaluron in tropical soil 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
P. Das Ph.D. R. Pal Ph.D. A. Chowdhury 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(3):425-429
In this study, the degradation of novaluron (benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions in clay loam alluvial and coastal saline soils of West Bengal, India. The application rates were field rate (FR); 2FR and 10FR. The incubation study was carried out at 30 °C and 60% of maximum water holding capacity of both the soils. Degradation of novaluron in both the soils followed first order reaction kinetics at all application rates under non-sterile and sterile conditions. The half-lives of novaluron in non-sterilized soils ranged from 17.0–17.8 days (alluvial soil) and 11.4–12.7 days (coastal saline soil), while the values in case of the sterilized soils were 53.7–59.0 days (alluvial soil) and 28.9–29.8 days (coastal saline soil) respectively. The novaluron degradation patterns were found to be highly influenced by soil types, application rates, and biotic abiotic factors. Abiotic factors strongly influenced novaluron degradation in both the soils. Biotic degradation was higher in alluvial soil compared to the coastal saline soil. 相似文献
4.
Surfaces fluxes, turbulent kinetic energy and Flux Richardson number are calculated for three typical sea breeze days characterizing three types of sea breeze onset at an inland station Kharagpur (22°21 N, 87°19 E), 80 km inland, one of the sites for MONTBLEX (MONsoon Trough Boundary Layer EXperiment), in India. The sea breeze onset is associated with a decrease in momentum and heat fluxes and an increase in moisture flux. The turbulent kinetic energy shows quite a significant value even in the late afternoon. The surface layer becomes nearly stable even before sunset, due to the passage of the sea breeze. 相似文献
5.
Model Tests and Field Experiments for Fragmentation Assessment During Ringhole Blasting in BG Panels
C. Sawmliana P. Pal Roy V. M. S. R. Murthy 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2003,7(4):257-268
Experimental blasts were conducted in concrete blocks of known strengths to correlate field results in Blasting Gallery (BG) panels of GDK-10 Incline for improving fragmentation of coal to an optimum level so that blasted coal could easily be lifted totally by remote controlled LHDs and thereby mitigating the possibility of occurrence of spontaneous heating in BG districts before exhaustion of the panel. Various charge loading parameters and consequent breakage results were critically analyzed to arrive at a constructive conclusion, which could satisfactory improve the blast results. 相似文献
6.
Permeshwar S. Chauhan Mahesh C. Porwal Lalit Sharma Jay Devs.negi 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2003,31(3):211-218
The review of study site have revealed the change in vegetation cover of Sal Dense to Sal Medium and Sal Open in 6 forest
Mosaics owing to biotic and abiotic conditions prevailing in the specific areas. Analysis carried out using thematic map derived
from aerial photograph of 1976 and satellite data of IRS 1C LISS III False Colour Composite (FCC) of March 1999 revealed the
cause for change in forest density classes. Deforestation, encroachment and agriculture have been identified as the underlying
causes, which have affected some specific locations to a marked extent. There has been a progressive and remarkable change
among vegetation classes from 1976 to 1999. It is evident from forest type and density map that Sal density has significantly
reduced from Sal Dense 65.61 % in 1976 to Sal Dense 11.12% in the year 1999 followed by Sal Open 11.18 % and Sal Medium 18.24
%. The overall change has been estimated to be 42.11% of the total forested area. 相似文献
7.
At Malanjkhand, Central India, lode-type copper (-molybdenum) mineralization occurs within calcalkaline tonalite-granodiorite
plutonic rocks of early Proterozoic age. The bulk of the mineralization occurs in sheeted quartz-sulfide veins, and K-silicate
alteration assemblages, defined by alkali feldspar (K-feldspar ≫ albite) + dusty hematite in feldspar ± biotite ± muscovite,
are prominent within the ore zone and the adjacent host rock. Weak propylitic alteration, defined by albite + biotite + epidote/zoisite,
surrounds the K-silicate alteration zone. The mineralized zone is approximately 2 km in strike length, has a maximum thickness
of 200 m and dips 65°–75°, along which low-grade mineralization has been traced up to a depth of about 1 km. The ore reserve
has been conservatively estimated to be 92 million tonnes with an average Cu-content of 1.30%. Supergene oxidation, accompanied
by limited copper enrichment, is observed down to a depth of 100m or more from the surface. Primary ores consist essentially
of chalcopyrite and pyrite with minor magnetite and molybdenite. δ34S (‰) values in pyrite and chalcopyrite (−0.38 to +2.90) fall within the range characteristic of granitoid-hosted copper deposits.
δ18O (‰) values for vein quartz (+ 6.99 to +8.80) suggest exclusive involvement of juvenile water. Annealed fabrics are common
in the ore. The sequence of events that led to the present state of hypogene mineralization is suggested to be as follows:
fracturing of the host rock, emplacement of barren vein quartz, pronounced wall-rock alteration accompanied by disseminated
mineralization and the ultimate stage of intense silicification accompanied by copper mineralization. Fragments of vein quartz
and altered wall rocks and striae in the ore suggest post-mineralization deformation. The recrystallization fabric, particularly
in chalcopyrite and sphalerite, is a product of dynamic recrystallization associated with the post-mineralization shearing.
The petrology of the host rocks, hydrothermal alteration assemblages, ore mineral associations, fluid inclusions and the sulfur
and oxygen isotopes of ores are comparable to those in Phanerozoic (and reported Precambrian) porphyry-copper systems, and
the Malanjkhand deposit has important implications for both metallogenic models for, and mineral exploration in, Precambrian
terrains. 相似文献
8.
Calibration of a constitutive model using genetic algorithms 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Before any constitutive model can be used in a numerical procedure, the model needs to be calibrated using laboratory test results. The traditional calibration techniques use stress and strain levels at certain states that a material undergoes during certain types of laboratory tests. Sometimes this method of calibrating a constitutive model fails to capture the overall behavior of a material, i.e. behavior at every point in stress/strain path. In this paper, we have shown how a random search technique, genetic algorithm (GA), can be used to calibrate constitutive models. The advantages of using GA are that it considers the overall behavior of a material, not the behavior at some specific states as the traditional method does, and it can work with many types of laboratory tests. The concept is applied to calibrate the hierarchical single surface (HiSS) δl model for geologic materials. Three cases have been studied where the difference is in the type of test data used to calibrate the model. These three different test data are: (1) simulated conventional test data, (2) simulated cyclic test data, and (3) real test data. A comparison of two different cross-over schemes, one-point and six-point, has been made. 相似文献
9.
The chromites from the alpine type ultramafic intrusive of Sukinda, India, display a typical partly inverse spinel form and occur in two distinct zones: Brown Ore Zone (BOZ) and Grey Ore Zone (GOZ). The host ultramafites are mostly altered and are represented by the serpentinite, tremolite-talc(chlorite) schist, talc-serpentine schist and chlorite rock. The less altered variants are dunite, harzburgite and websterite. A dyke of orthopyroxenite runs through the main ultramafic body.The composition of olivine (Fo92), orthopyroxene (En92–89) and Al2O3 contents of the parental liquid (10.40–11.45%) determined from chromites, suggest that the parent melt is of boninitic affinity. The chemical plot of TiO2 content against cr# of chromites corroborates a boninitic parental melt. The Fe–Mg partitioning in olivine and chromite depicts the temperature for chromitites as 1200 °C. A compositional plot of mg# and cr# suggests crystallization at high pressure conditions, corresponding to the kimberlite xenolith field. From the P–T diagram of pyrolite melting and mineral assemblage, the pressure of crystallization is stipulated to be ≥1.2 GPa. The fO2 values estimated from Fe3+/Cr+Al+Fe3+ ratios range from 10−8.3 to 10−9.3 for the GOZ and 10−7.1 to 10−7.3 for the BOZ. The fO2 values together with the pressure range suggest crystallization at upper mantle conditions. The heterogeneity in chemical composition and fO2 conditions for the GOZ and BOZ could be linked to heterogeneity in the upper mantle. 相似文献
10.