Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase activity in several zooplanktonic crustaceans

Zooplankton are an essential component of the marine and estuarine food chains. The ecotoxicological risk to zooplanktonic communities, estimated through the use of the biomarkers, can be used as an early warning signal of a potential alteration of the ecosystem health. The aim of this project was to evaluate the potential use of several biomarkers (esterases, mixed function oxidases, porphyrins) in zooplanktonic organisms. The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was determined in homogenates of whole organisms of 10 different zooplanktonic crustaceans. Mean activity of AChE was 10.05 micromol/min/g for Acartia margalefi; 3.30 for Acartia latisetosa; 79.70 for Siriella clausi; 49.97 for Diamysis bahirensis; 7.48 for Siriella armata; 14.20 for Mysidopsis gibbosa; 4.49 for Euphausia crystallorophias; 1.66 for Euphausia superba; 2.74 for Streetsia challengeri; 13.26 for Meganycthiphanes norvegica. The species moreover showed a linear increase in enzyme activity in relation to the increase in sample concentration. The key result of this study concerns the different AChE activity basal values of the crustaceans' different species.     

Phytoremediation of small-scale oil spills in fresh marsh environments: a mesocosm simulation

Research was conducted to assess the impact of oiling on fresh-marsh plant communities and to test the efficacy of techniques that may be used to enhance the bioremediation of crude oil spills in these environments while minimizing secondary anthropogenic impacts. To emulate field conditions, a mesocosm facility was used that houses 120 mesocosm vessels, each of 200-1 capacity. A five-way factorial treatment arrangement was used that included two substrates (inorganic, organic), two nutrient regimes (fertilized, not fertilized), two aeration levels (substrate aeration, no aeration), three oiling concentrations (0-, 5-, 10-1 m(-2) of South Louisiana Sweet Crude oil), and four vascular plant species (Alternanthera philoxeroides, Panicum hemitomon, Phragmites australis, Sagittaria lancifolia, and an unplanted control). Under the 5- and 10-1 m(-2) oiling concentrations, S. lancifolia displayed a short-term response of increased productivity, whereas P. hemitomon had the highest biomass production and photosynthetic rates at the end of the 18-month experiment. Overall plant growth and productivity, as well as oil degradation, were significantly higher in the inorganic substrate, indicating that biodegradation of oil spills in organic substrates may require a longer time period. Time-released fertilizer also stimulated plant productivity and resulted in higher soil respiratory quotients, suggestive of greater microbial activity, particularly in aerated mesocosms. The amount of oil remaining after 18 months was lowest in aerated and fertilized mesocosms containing either P. hemitomon or S. lancifolia and a substrate of low organic matter content.     

高精度CTD剖面仪研制过程中的专用设备

本文介绍了“油水分离压力罐”的主要理论依据及该设备采用的特殊的机械结构，实践证明，利用该设备实现了在实验室条件下，模拟深海重力场检测CTD剖面仪中的某些关键传感器的目的。     

活性水系沉积物的冻结采样技术应用于矿产勘查及环境研究

本文比较了活性水系沉积物的冻结采样技术与常规采样技术，经统计分析，１０种氧化物和２１种微量元素在两种技术之间全部都存在着显著的差异。在１２２个采样点上所得到的氧化物重量百分比和微量元素含量表明：冻结采样可得到具有代表性的沉积物样品。每个采样点为了获得对沉积物中氧化物重量百分比和元素含量具有代表性的评估，需要小于５０％的冻结样品，相反，常规采样由于冲洗和淘洗细粒级沉积物，致命用以常规地球化学分析的沉     

在鄂霍茨克——楚克奇火山矿床中的金—冰长石—石英集合体

含金的冰长石－石英集合体是金银矿化的指示剂，它们在区域矿床系列中，并在的集合体的结构，石英及冰长石典型的化学键和金矿堆积作用中，具有统一的规律性。     

扬子台地西北缘志留纪奥氏笔石属新种及地层对比意义

Oktavites spiralis（Geinitz,1842）是志留系兰多维列统特列奇阶的笔石带化石分子,其独特的盘旋生长模式易于识别,在世界范围内广泛分布,地层意义重要.然而,关于Oktavites spiralis的首现位置始终存在争议,不利于地层的精确对比.在陕西紫阳、岚皋地区,Oktavites spiralis笔石带可以通过带化石丰度变化进行识别,而不是依靠带化石的首现.近来,对陕西紫阳、岚皋地区多个志留系特列奇阶剖面研究后认为,通过幼体特征和盘旋形态对比,一个奥氏笔石新种Oktavites longtanensis sp.nov.可以从Oktavites spiralis和Oktavites contortus中进一步区分出来.新种Oktavites longtanensis sp.nov.化石延限仅限于Oktavites spiralis笔石带,延限较短,并具有重要的演化意义和较强的地层划分对比潜力.      

物探技术在布敦乌拉隐伏矿产勘查中的应用效果

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗布敦乌拉矿区多为第四系覆盖。在该矿区多金属勘查中,依据土壤地球化学圈定的矿化异常布置激电中梯测量,圈定1处激发极化率异常区,长度约890m,宽度约520m,位于已知断层F 1与推断断层F 2之间。采用可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面对该激电异常进行探测,解释视充电率多峰异常与反演电阻率高低跳跃对应区域为矿致异常区。通过钻探验证,发现银多金属矿床资源储量523.93万t,取得了良好的地质找矿效果。     

宽频地震在东海盆地A凹陷油气勘探中的应用

东海盆地A凹陷B构造油气勘探中一直存在着中深层沉积体系展布特征不明确和储层甜点发育规律不清晰等基础地质问题。针对这一问题,运用地震精细解释和地质综合分析的方法,利用重处理的高精度宽频地震资料开展了地震沉积学和全频带信息挖掘研究,结合区域地质认识和已钻井地质分析,认识到B构造C段沉积时期发育了东、中、西3条大型曲流河河道带,在中支和西支河道带中发现了3个典型的频率异常发育区,油气检测技术证实是潜在的含气构造,表明B构造C段发育受河道带控制的构造-岩性气藏,为A凹陷B构造中深层油气勘探提供了地质依据,具有重要的勘探实践意义。