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1.
Reconnaissance seismic shot in 1971/72 showed a number of well defined seismic anomalies within the East Sengkang Basin which were interpreted as buried reefs. Subsequent fieldwork revealed that Upper Miocene reefs outcropped along the southern margin of the basin. A drilling programme in 1975 and 1976 proved the presence of shallow, gas-bearing, Upper Miocene reefs in the northern part of the basin. Seismic acquisition and drilling during 1981 confirmed the economic significance of these discoveries, with four separate accumulations containing about 750 × 109 cubic feet of dry gas in place at an average depth of 700 m. Kampung Baru is the largest field and contains over half the total, both reservoir quality and gas deliverability are excellent. Deposition in the East Sengkang Basin probably started during the Early Miocene. A sequence of Lower Miocene mudstones and limestones unconformably overlies acoustic basement which consists of Eocene volcanics. During the tectonically active Middle Miocene, deposition was interrupted by two periods of deformation and erosion. Carbonate deposition became established in the Late Miocene with widespread development of platform limestones throughout the East Sengkang Basin. Thick pinnacle reef complexes developed in the areas where reef growth could keep pace with the relative rise in sea level. Most reef growth ceased at the end of the Miocene and subsequent renewed clastic sedimentation covered the irregular limestone surface. Late Pliocene regression culminated in the Holocene with erosion. The Walanae fault zone, part of a major regional sinistral strike-slip system, separates the East and West Sengkang Basins. Both normal and reverse faulting are inferred from seismic data and post Late Pliocene reverse faulting is seen in outcrop.  相似文献   
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The reservoir quality of Jurassic and Triassic fluvial and lacustrine-deltaic sandstones of the Yanchang Oil Field in the Ordos Basin is strongly influenced by the burial history and facies-related diagenetic events. The fluvial sandstones have a higher average porosity (14.8%) and a higher permeability (12.7×10?3 ?m2) than those of the deltaic sandstones (9.8% and 5.8 ×10?3 ?m2, respectively). The burial compaction, which resulted in 15% and 20% porosity loss for Jurassic and Triassic sandstones, respectively, is the main factor causing the loss of porosity both for the Jurassic and Triassic sandstones. Among the cements, carbonate is the main one that reduced the reservoir quality of the sandstones. The organic acidic fluid derived from organic matter in the source rocks, the inorganic fluid from rock-water reaction during the late diagenesis, and meteoric waters during the epidiagenesis resulted in the formation of dissolution porosity, which is the main reason for the enhancement of reservoir-quality.  相似文献   
3.
Spectacularly developed lower Eocene chert in the Corones platform carbonates of the Spanish Pyrenees is concentrated within a restricted, brackish-water, laminated ostracod-rich facies, which also contains abundant sponge spicules. The chert occurs as nodular, bedded and mottled varieties, and four petrographic types of quartz are developed: microquartz; length-fast (LF) chalcedony; megaquartz; and microspheres. δ18O values of chert range from 29·6‰ to 30·9‰ (SMOW), which correspond to a broad isotope rank common for biogenic and diagenetic replacement cherts. Calcian dolomite crystals with high Fe and Na are disseminated within the microquartz and LF-chalcedony, but are absent from the megaquartz and host carbonate. The chert is closely associated with desiccation cracks and with interstratal dewatering structures. Load casts are silicified, and laminae rich in sponge spicules are convoluted. Early cracks related to dewatering are filled by microquartz and quartz cements. Ostracod shells within chert are locally fractured; those in the host carbonate are commonly flattened. Late fractures are filled by LF-chalcedony and megaquartz. There is much evidence for the dissolution of sponge spicules and their calcitization in the carbonate host rock. Silica for the Corones cherts was derived from sponges during early diagenesis and shallow burial. Early mechanical compaction and sediment dewatering played a major role in sponge spicule dissolution, migration of silica-rich fluids and the consequent precipitation of chert. Quartz cements continued to be precipitated into the burial environment.  相似文献   
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通过牟定郝家河砂岩型铜矿床两类典型矿化的围岩蚀变类型、空间分布、蚀变矿物组合特征的综合分析,识别出该矿床存在成岩期与改造期两期热液蚀变。成岩期热液蚀变分布于浅紫交互带浅色砂岩一侧,呈现大范围面状硅化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化,并具蚀变分带:全浅色砂岩中的强硅化、黄铁矿化亚带;浅紫过渡砂岩中的强碳酸盐化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、弱硅化亚带,并具辉铜矿-斑铜矿-黄铜矿-黄铁矿的金属矿物分带。改造期热液蚀变主要分布于断裂、节理旁侧,表现为带状、网脉状的硅化、碳酸盐化。以1580 m中段实测剖面为研究对象,采集各蚀变亚带的代表样品,以紫色砂岩为原岩,进行主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的组分迁入、迁出计算,结果显示各亚带组分的迁入、迁出特征与镜下观察的蚀变矿物组合吻合。分析表明,蚀变矿物组合与组分迁移特征还间接指示了不同亚带的形成条件:成岩期紫色砂岩(围岩)呈氧化-碱性条件,浅色砂岩呈还原-酸性条件,浅紫过渡矿化带则处于氧化还原-酸碱转化面上;改造期构造热液属还原-中偏碱性的中温构造流体。在此基础上,探讨了两期成矿流体分别形成层状矿体及脉状富矿体的机理,为深化研究该类矿床的"矿源-构造-流体耦合成矿"机制提供了重要证据。  相似文献   
7.
毗邻烃源岩的细粒储层,由于其岩石结构、组分及沉积环境的特殊性,成岩作用表现出一定差异。本文以张家垛油田阜三段细粒碎屑岩储层为例,通过铸体薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等相关分析,研究其成岩作用的特殊性。研究结果表明:(1)细粒储层的成分成熟度和结构成熟度较高,常被泥岩包裹,在压实作用中若存在欠压实,粒间孔可以被很好地保留下来;(2)细粒储层形成时水动力较弱,杂基含量高导致微孔较多;(3)大量的粘土矿物使孔隙比表面增加,抑制了后期硅质和碳酸盐胶结物的析出;(4)比表面的增加减缓了孔隙流体的对流速率和扩散速率,不利于次生孔隙的形成,粒度越细,次生孔隙越不发育。细粒碎屑岩储层有别于常规储层,对其特殊的成岩作用进行研究具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。  相似文献   
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鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田长10期发育以细砂岩和中砂岩为主的长石砂岩,胶结物主要有浊沸石、石英加大等硅质胶结物、绿泥石和方解石;在早成岩早期酸性地层水大量溶蚀颗粒间胶结物,压实作用强烈,在中成岩早期,湖相泥岩中生成的酸性介质溶蚀砂岩颗粒间的胶结物及长石和岩屑颗粒碎屑,形成次生溶蚀孔隙,从而形成优质储层.纵向上,在不整合面和层序界面附近,储层溶蚀作用强烈,次生孔隙发育,是优质储层发育部位,向上溶蚀作用逐渐变弱;在平面上,越靠近湖盆中心溶蚀作用越强,越远离湖盆中心溶蚀作用越弱.鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田长10优质储层主要发育在三角洲平原高能分流河道发育带,溶蚀作用形成的浊沸石溶蚀孔隙、方解石溶蚀孔隙、长石溶蚀孔隙等次生孔隙成为优质储层形成的有利相带.  相似文献   
9.
Reservoir quality is a critical risk factor in deep to ultradeep reservoirs at depths >4.5 km. Analysis of Paleogene Wilcox sandstones on the upper Texas Gulf Coast provides insight into the evolution of reservoir quality during shallow to ultradeep burial diagenesis. Reduction of porosity and permeability with burial in Wilcox sandstones was evaluated using subsurface samples from 200 to 6700 m, at temperatures of 25–230 °C. Diagenesis and petrophysical properties were interpreted from petrographic data and core analyses. Wilcox sandstones are mostly lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites having an average composition of Q59F22R19. Provenance did not change significantly during Wilcox deposition in this area, nor does average sandstone composition vary among lower, middle, and upper Wilcox sandstones. However, composition does vary with sequence-stratigraphic position; lowstand slope-fan deposits contain more rock fragments than do deposits from highstand or transgressive systems tracts. Given observations from this onshore dataset, Wilcox sandstones deposited in deepwater environments in the Gulf of Mexico are likely to contain more rock fragments than their linked highstand equivalents.  相似文献   
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通过分析埕岛东斜坡地区东三段砂岩成岩作用特征 ,以及对该地区油气成藏系统的研究 ,总结出东三段砂岩体的成岩成藏模式。东三段上部砂体成藏于馆陶组沉积期 ,对应于早成岩 B期阶段 ,油气过早进入砂岩体 ,充填了孔隙 ,抑制了成岩作用的进行 ,使原生孔隙得以良好的保存。目前该砂体位于晚成岩 A期阶段 ,伴随形成了次生孔隙 ,并正处于第二次成藏期  相似文献   
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