Relict mountain slope deposits of northern Portugal: facies,sedimentogenesis and environmental implications

This paper deals with the formation processes and the palaeoenvironmental significance of relict slope deposits located on the uppermost part of the north Portugal mountains. For this purpose, seven key sites representative of the different lithofacies have been selected and analysed in detail. The data show that three main dynamic processes are responsible for the emplacement of regional fossil slope deposits: runoff, debris flows and dry grain flows. The ubiquity of these processes and the lack of frost‐related features or landforms do not support the existence of severe Pleistocene climates in this part of the lberian Peninsula as postulated by previous work. Pedological data gathered at one of the study sites show that a subalpine environment was probably present at 700–800 m altitude between 29 and 14 kyr. Using data from the Pyrenees Mountains, a 6.5 to 12°C depression in mean annual temperature has been tentatively postulated for this Pleniglacial period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization of grid-drilling using computer simulation

A computer simulation method has been developed to find efficient drilling grids for mineral deposits. A well-known ore deposit is used as a model to develop an efficient pattern for undiscovered ore bodies in the same area or in other prospects where similar geometry is suspected. The model for this study is the Austinville, Virginia deposit, a Mississippi Valley-type deposit composed of 17 ore bodies totaling 34 million short tons (30 million metric tons). The method employs a computer program that simulates drilling the model deposit with different patterns, including various levels of follow-up drilling. Follow-up holes are drilled in fences at one half the original spacing around holes in the grid that show ore-grade mineralization. Each pattern is drilled 100 times from random starting locations to provide a range of outcomes of drilling, including the best, worst, and most likely. For this study, patterns of 100 drill holes were composed of 10 fences spaced 1000–5000 feet (305–1524 m) apart, each with 10 holes spaced 200–1000 feet (61–305 m) apart. In all, 25 grids were used with zero to three levels of follow-up drilling. The 600/2000 grid, with drill holes spaced 600 feet (183 m) apart in fences spaced 2000 feet (610 m) apart, was compared with the 200/5000 grid because they represented contrasting outcomes. The 600/2000 grid penetrated many ore bodies consistently but with few multiple hits to individual ore bodies; whereas the 200/5000 grid inconsistently penetrated few ore bodies with many multiple hits. The 600/2000 grid was more efficient than the 200/5000 grid at hitting large ore bodies of 1,000,000 short tons or greater (900,000 metric tons or greater) and was made more effective by adding one cycle of follow-up drilling. The 600/2000 grid had a 97% chance of hitting one or more large ore bodies with at least one drill hole per ore body, and the 200/5000 grid had a 64% chance. Once hit, there was an 82% chance that the largest ore body would be penetrated by three or more holes when using the 600/2000 grid and an 88% chance using the 200/5000 grid.     

广西红土型金矿基本类型及找矿前景分析

广西红土型金矿是90年代初发现的一种新型金矿.文章通过对广西红色风化壳及红土型金矿分布的研究,依据含金红土类型及金矿源体矿化特征将全区红土型金矿划分为7 种基本类型;并结合其成矿环境和控矿条件的剖析,认为广西红土型金矿具有较好的找矿前景,提出碳酸盐岩类、火山岩类及蚀变构造岩类红土型金矿是广西红土型金矿的主攻类型,主攻地区为桂西百色-平果、桂中横县-贵港、桂西南凭祥-崇左等地.     

云南墨江金矿含镍金绿色蚀变岩的构造地球化学特征及时空演化

采用构造变形筛分、同位素地球化学定年约束和构造蚀变岩的常量 微量元素地球化学研究等方法,对墨江镍金矿床中含金镍绿色蚀变带进行详细研究,探讨其形成和时 空演化规律,以及与金、镍成矿关系,提出本区含镍金绿色蚀变带形成与演化可分为三个期次:早期含镍金绿色蚀变带形成于(251 9±4 32)Ma,产于韧性剪切带中,形成含铬绢云母 绢云母(S2)组成的切层剪切面理;中期含镍金绿色蚀变岩形成于燕山早期(169 37～180 6Ma),产于高角度脆韧性剪切带中,形成铬绢云母 含铬绢云母组成的透入性剪切面理换(S3)和绿泥石拉伸线理;晚期含金绿色蚀变糜棱岩形成于燕山晚期(71 14～149 98Ma),产于左旋走滑脆韧性剪切带中,发育铬伊利石(S4)和铬绿泥石(S4)组成透入性剪切变形面理置换,与脆韧性剪切带的主体产状一致,韧性剪切构造带内发育,走滑构造带中十分发育,形成褶皱变形带(倾竖褶皱、鞘褶皱)及含金蚀变岩。     

矿物热电系数及其在地质找矿中的应用

作者的研究表明,在非本征激发区,矿物热电系数随着活化温度的增高而增大;在本征激发区,随活化温度的增高而减小。矿物晶体中所含杂质的种类和含量多少决定矿物的导电类型。矿物热电系数可广泛应用于地质找矿和矿床评价中,以黄铁矿为例,在同一水平面上的含金矿脉,矿脉中黄铁矿热电系数正值高时,其矿石含金量也高。应用黄铁矿热电系数的正高值、混合型和负值可确定矿体和矿体的剥蚀深度。     

可控源法在海阳市郭城地区鑫泰金矿床成矿规律中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT法)是一种利用人工场源研究地层、构造等深部地质特征问题的新技术新方法。在山东省海阳市郭城地区鑫泰金矿床的应用研究表明,CSAMT法可以较好地用于确定矿体的产状和大致地层结构,在矿体成矿规律研究方面具有较为突出的应用效果。     

无定河下游全新世古洪水研究

对无定河流域野外考察,在其下游苏家圪坨(SJGT)地点发现夹有古洪水滞流沉积物(SWD)的全新世剖面。古洪水SWD厚度30 cm,具有平行微薄层理特征,且直接覆盖在东汉文化层之上。室内分析结果表明古洪水SWD有着与2012年洪水SWD相似的沉积学特征,以粗粉沙为主,分选良好,磁化率和烧失量较小,说明它记录了一次无定河下游的大洪水事件。文化层光释光(OSL)测年结果显示该次古洪水事件发生在1 900～1 700 a BP。古洪水洪峰水位和洪峰流量分别为765.9 m和10 530 m³·s^-1。同时利用2012年洪水洪痕水位验证,在同一断面用相同参数恢复洪峰流量为1 030 m³·s^-1,实测洪峰流量为1 000 m³·s^-1,误差为3.09%,说明古洪水洪峰流量恢复结果合理可靠。研究结果延长了无定河下游洪水数据序列,对水资源、水能源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Statewide Estimates of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold,Silver, Copper,Lead, and Zinc

Estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits on a statewide basis offer a different perspective on the nation's undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc. Mean estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits statewide were extracted from the estimates of undiscovered deposits nationwide. More than 50 undiscovered deposits are estimated to occur in Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, and Wisconsin. Estimating the number of undiscovered deposits statewide serves as a measure of a state's total remaining mineral resources in known conventional deposit types.