Digital Image Based Approach for Three-Dimensional Mechanical Analysis of Heterogeneous Rocks

Summary This paper presents a digital image based approach for three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation and failure analysis of rocks by taking into account the actual 3-D heterogeneity. Digital image techniques are adopted to extract two-dimensional (2-D) material heterogeneity from material surface images. The 2-D image mesostructures are further extrapolated to 3-D cuboid mesostructures by assuming the material surface as a representation of the inner material heterogeneity within a very small depth. The iterative milling and scanning system is set up to generate the 3-D rock mesostructures. A Hong Kong granite specimen is used as an example to demonstrate the procedure of 3-D mesostructure establishment. The mechanical responses and failure process under the conventional Brazilian tensile test condition are examined through numerical analyses. The stress distribution, crack propagation process and failure model of heterogeneous material cases are simulated with a finite difference software. The numerical results indicate that material heterogeneity plays an important role in determining the failure behavior of rocks under external loading.     

北淮阳金寨—苏仙石地区中生代花岗岩的成因类型及岩浆演化特征

摘 要　 北淮阳金寨—苏仙石地区中生代侵入岩出露面积约150km 2 ‚按岩石谱系单位的划 分原则‚可分为3个超单元（包括10个单元）和3个独立单元。根据主要造岩矿物及副矿物组 合、岩石化学和地球化学特征判别结果‚岩体成因类型以 I 型为主‚少数为 A 型和 S 型。岩 浆来源约30km 深处‚相当于下地壳或壳幔过渡部位。岩体形成深度约3～4km‚压力约0∙1 ～0∙2GPa。形成温度约866～1150℃‚氧逸度 log f O 2 平均为—10∙97。进一步讨论了岩浆的 水逸度、水压及岩浆密度、岩浆演化和侵入岩与火山岩的成因关系。     

软岩边坡变形破坏规律及其 对城市设施的影响

以抚顺西露天矿大规模倾倒滑移变形体变形规律研究为例,探讨受软弱夹层控制的软岩边坡变形破坏规律及其变形破坏对城市工业设施的影响。     

成因地层分析方法在陆相盆地填图中的应用—以冀北滦平陆相火山—沉积盆地为例

成因地层分析是陆相盆地填图中行之有效的方法。构成盆地的成因地层单位具有多级性,次级成因单位是组成高级成因地层单位的基本要素。正确地识别和划分岩性相、岩性相组合和沉积体系,对合理划分岩石地层单位、查明其成因环境、沉积作用和空间配置关系,研究盆地的发生发展及建立盆地地层格架等均具有重要意义。滦平盆地填图中成功的采用了成因地层分析方法,划分出14个岩性相和10个岩性相组合,根据各岩性相组合的成因联系和空间关系,进一步划分出冲积扇沉积体系、扇三角洲沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系。并根据各沉积体系的空间配置和变化规律,客观地划分了正式和非正式填图单位。     

Short and long memory unobserved components in hydrological time series

In this paper a semiparametric approach is introduced to decompose an ARFIMA model in the long memory and short memory unobserved components. The procedure is based on the DECOMEL method which produces a statistical decomposition by minimizing the Euclidean distance between the spectrum of the aggregated series and the sum of the parametric spectra of the components. The extension to long memory stationary models is achieved defining an approximate model where the fractional operator is replaced by the ratio of two polynomials of order one. The feasibility and performance of the proposed procedure are discussed through a case study.     

A steady-state solution for warped accretion discs

We consider a thin accretion disc warped due to the Bardeen–Petterson effect, presenting both analytical and numerical solutions for the situation in which the two viscosity coefficients vary with radius as a power law, with the two power-law indices not necessarily equal. The analytical solutions are compared with numerical ones, showing that our new analytical solution is more accurate than the previous one, which overestimated the inclination change in the outer disc. Our new analytical solution is appropriate for moderately warped discs, while for extremely misaligned discs only a numerical solution is appropriate.     

岩体结构力学效应的统计岩体力学研究

谷德振先生开创的岩体工程地质力学是我国工程地质代表性科学理论之一,岩体结构力学效应是它的核心内容。本文简要概括了谷德振岩体工程地质力学的基本思想,介绍了近20多年来统计岩体力学对岩体工程地质力学理论的发展,包括岩体结构参数模型、应力-应变模型、强度与破坏概率模型、岩体水力学模型,讨论了岩体结构对岩体变形、破坏与水力学性质的各类力学效应与定量控制规律,并探讨了充分调动边坡岩体自稳潜力的主动加固理念、固脚和护腰的加固模式与锚固设计方法。本文认为,谷德振岩体工程地质力学深刻把握了岩体工程行为的基本控制因素和作用规律,具有强大的生命力,推进岩体工程地质力学的定量理论研究是后来者的历史任务。     

碎裂蚀变花岗岩型铀矿的赋矿岩石特征

本文着重论述了碎裂蚀变花岗岩型铀矿的赋矿岩石特征：即岩石原始铀含量高；岩石碎裂强度大；岩石蚀变强烈；岩石组分简单，有利于铀的浸出（有害元素含量低）。这些特征可以作为识别与寻找该类型铀矿床的岩石学依据。     

赣中盛源盆地及邻区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中黑云母化学成分特征

本文利用电子探针技术对赣中盛源盆地及邻区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中黑云母的类型、化学成分及结晶时的温度和氧逸度条件等进行了研究。黑云母为镁质黑云母;结晶时温度的大致范围为1060℃～1100℃,氧逸度大致范围为10^-7bar-10^9bar。本文研究表明,黑云母的化学成分研究是揭示岩石成因类型的一种有效途径,可为研究岩体成因类型以及成岩时的物理化学条件提供依据,并对成岩具有重要的指示意义。