REE and (э)Nd of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean: Evidence for clay sources

Clay fractions in the non-calcareous surface sediments from the eastern Pacific were analyzed for clay minerals, REE and 143Nd/144Nd. Montmorillonite/illite ratio (M/I ratio), total REE contents ((REE), LREE/HREE ratio and cerium anomaly (бCe) may effectively indicate the genesis of clay minerals. Clay fractions with M/I ratio >1, бCe (0.85, (REE (400 μg/g, LREE/HREE ratio (4, and REE patterns similar to those of pelagic sediments are terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions and contain more autogenetic montmorillonite. Clay fractions with M/I ratio <1, бCe=0.86 to 1.5, ΣREE=200 to 350 μg/g, LREE/HREE ratio (6 and REE distribution patterns similar to that of China loess are identified as terrigenous clay fraction. The 143Nd/144Nd ratios or (э)Nd values of clay fractions inherit the features of terrigenous sources of clay minerals. Clay fractions are divided into 4 types according to (э)Nd values. Terrigenous clay minerals of type I with the (э)Nd values of -8 to -6 originate mainly from North American fluvial deposits. Those of type II with the (э)Nd values of -9 to -7 are mainly from the East Asia and North American fluvial deposits. Those of type III with (э)Nd values of -6 to -3 could come from the central and eastern Pacific volcanic islands. Those of type IV with (э)Nd values of -13 to -12 may be from East Asia eolian. The terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions show patchy distributions, indicating that there are volcanic or hot-spot activities in the eastern Pacific plate, while the terrigenous clay fractions cover a large part of the study area, proving that the terrigenous clay minerals are dominant in the eastern Pacific.     

Establishment of apparent quantum yield and maximum ecosystem assimilation on Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem

The alpine meadow is widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau with an area of about 1.2×106kn2. Damxung County, located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, is the place covered with this typical vegetation. An open-path eddy covariance system was set up in Damxung rangeland station to measure the carbon flux of alpine meadow from July to October,2003. The continuous carbon flux data were used to analyze the relationship between net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), as well as the seasonal patterns of apparent quantum yield (α) and maximum ecosystem assimilation (Pmax).Results showed that the daytime NEE fitted fairly well with the PAR in a rectangular hyperbola function, with α declining in the order of peak growth period (0.0244 μmolCO2 · μmol-1pAR) ＞early growth period ＞ seed maturing period ＞ withering period (0.0098 μmolCO2 · μmol-1pAR).The Pmax did not change greatly during the first three periods, with an average of 0.433mgCO2· m-2· s-1, i.e. 9.829 μmolCO2· m-2· s-1. However, during the withering period, Pmax was only 0.35 mgCO2 · m-2 · s-1, i.e. 7.945 μmolCO2 · m-2 · s-1. Compared with other grassland ecosystems, the α of the Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem was much lower.     

城镇地籍GIS建库的质量控制及检查

根据某城镇的工程实例探讨了一些有效的质量控制和检查方法,为类似项目提供了参考。纸质的地籍调查资料和电子地形图在入库前要进行细致的检查,以适应城镇地籍GIS数据库的要求。数据入库工作采用两级质量控制方法,即首先保证地形数据的正确性和完备性,在此基础上人工录入地籍数据。对建成的GIS数据库要进行多方面的检查,包括元数据检查、属性检查和拓扑检查。     

基于先验知识的模糊影像运动模糊核估计研究

无人机模糊影像恢复的效果取决于模糊核的精确度,高质量的模糊核是模糊影像恢复的关键。文中提出了一种利用先验知识预估模糊核的算法。根据无人机相邻影像,结合随机模糊核生成模糊影像的样本数据库,利用模糊影像和样本影像之间的残差,拟合多项式,计算模糊核。结合实验进行验证,对获取的无人机模糊影像进行验证,运动模糊影像水平方向模糊核的预估准确度达到100%,结合维纳滤波算法进行影像恢复,该方法可以很好的恢复运动模糊影像。     

上海近十年来城市化及其生态环境变化的评估研究

为了了解上海近十年来的变化,应用遥感变化检测方法来评估研究近十年来上海的城市范围及城市生态方面的扩展和变化,即一方面利用从土地覆盖衍生出的城市化面积指数(UAI)来反映城市扩展的速度,另一方面应用植被覆盖率(FVC)变化来评估城市生态环境的演变.研究中,首先对2000～2009年的MOD13Q1影像按照年叠加反演出.N...     

云南煤层气资源与开发前景

煤层气的开发利用是集开发新的高效洁净能源、有利煤矿生产安全、有利大气环保于一身的崭新的绿色工程。本文概略介绍我省煤层气勘探及研究工作进展情况,强调云南丰富的煤层气资源,应是云南的资源优势。     

IDM模型分析及其影响力改进算法

影响力传播模型IDM用于挖掘和分析BBS上观点领袖以及热门话题,它主要以影响力作为衡量标准。通过简化影响力运算法则,对IDM模型进行改进,使其更加直观。此改进后的IDM模型可运用到社会网络中,能更深刻的揭示出社会网络中各通信个体间的相互影响和距离,从而更好地了解和研究社会网络。     

基于贡献权重叠加法的滑坡风险区划

贡献权重叠加法是对滑坡本底因子和承灾体因子在滑坡发育中的贡献率进行统计后,通过贡献率均值化、规一化处理,利用权重转换模型计算出每一个因子内部的权重——自权重和因子相互之间的权重——互权重。将滑坡因子、承灾体因子和两者的自权重、互权重分别相乘叠加,得到滑坡危险度和易损度区划结果,再将2项结果相乘得出滑坡风险区划结果。     

浅析山区高速公路的设计方法

本文分析了基于运行速度的山区高速公路设计方法,对由运行速度配置技术指标的新方法运用于雅康高速公路的设计进行了具体研究,并探讨了基于运行速度的高速公路设计流程和线形指标采用的一般原则。     

基于特征点的高分辨率遥感影像城镇道路提取

根据高分辨率遥感影像中城镇道路的特点,提出了一种基于特征点的道路信息提取方法。首先,对影像进行增强处理并选取感兴趣的子区域,利用改进的分水岭分割理论和阈值选择算法,结合八邻域检测方法得到道路的特征点;然后,利用回归分析方法在一定的坐标系统下得到每条道路的回归方程,根据端点坐标信息得到道路信息图;最后,利用数学形态学算法获取道路骨架图。结果表明,本方法能够精确有效地提取高分辨率遥感影像的城镇道路信息。