全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8788篇 |
免费 | 6285篇 |
国内免费 | 1506篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1639篇 |
大气科学 | 1576篇 |
地球物理 | 2094篇 |
地质学 | 6755篇 |
海洋学 | 2220篇 |
天文学 | 124篇 |
综合类 | 825篇 |
自然地理 | 1346篇 |
出版年
2025年 | 142篇 |
2024年 | 507篇 |
2023年 | 546篇 |
2022年 | 742篇 |
2021年 | 780篇 |
2020年 | 723篇 |
2019年 | 732篇 |
2018年 | 665篇 |
2017年 | 613篇 |
2016年 | 616篇 |
2015年 | 698篇 |
2014年 | 682篇 |
2013年 | 804篇 |
2012年 | 925篇 |
2011年 | 840篇 |
2010年 | 916篇 |
2009年 | 800篇 |
2008年 | 785篇 |
2007年 | 755篇 |
2006年 | 781篇 |
2005年 | 608篇 |
2004年 | 420篇 |
2003年 | 319篇 |
2002年 | 294篇 |
2001年 | 288篇 |
2000年 | 255篇 |
1999年 | 94篇 |
1998年 | 36篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1957年 | 7篇 |
1954年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
DING Guoan CHAN Chuenyu GAO Zhiqiu YAO Wenqing LI Yoksheung CHENG Xinghong MENG Zhaoyang YU Haiqing WONG Kamhang WANG Shufeng MIAO Qiuju 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)
The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower. 相似文献
2.
基于ArcSDE的空间数据库版本管理软件开发研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈晓明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(4)
一直以来,海量空间数据的高效管理和快速更新都是数字测绘部门面临的一大技术问题.空间数据库版本管理技术是解决这一问题的核心技术,它通过多用户分布式编辑和版本冲突处理机制来提高实际的4D产品生产和管理效率.本文主要讨论了借助于ArcSDE空间数据库引擎以及提供的空间数据库版本管理组件,利用ComGIS开发具有实用性的空间数据库版本管理软件的方法、过程以及试验,并对试验的结果做出了分析. 相似文献
3.
4.
利用NSIDC公布的ICESat运行期间的19个任务期的观测数据, 采用重复轨迹分析方法估计近年来南极冰盖高程的时空变化。结果表明,南极大陆冰盖整体上呈现消融趋势,基于不同的GIA模型和ICESat激光测高数据的南极大陆冰盖高程变化的趋势约为 -1.17~-1 cm/a。 相似文献
5.
物探船拖缆姿态及拉力预报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对海洋地震物探船布设探测网络实际工况的要求,提出一种拟合数值计算与模型实验结果预报拖缆姿态及拉力的方法,应用此方法进行多方案比较研究,获得优化的拖缆-扩展器-检测电缆组合探测系统。经海上拖航实验验证,此种预报方法查可行,预报精度完全能满足工程实用要求。 相似文献
6.
通过扫描电镜观察和全岩矿物X衍射实验图谱分析发现,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组页岩中含有一定量的非晶态二氧化 硅。现有的三种计算非晶态二氧化硅含量的方法都有一定的缺陷:化学溶解方法分析周期长、且对其他矿物有一定程度的 溶解;X衍射定量分析法需要计算非晶态二氧化硅衍射图谱上圆丘散射曲线的积分强度,人为误差较高;增量法标样难以 配制,而且误差较高。在总结前人研究的基础上,提出了X衍射与微区矿物定量分析相结合的方法来解决计算多相体系中 非晶态二氧化硅含量这一问题。该方法避开了前人所提出方法的缺点,分别计算得到了结晶态石英含量与二氧化硅含量, 从而间接计算出非晶态二氧化硅含量,然而超高的实验成本也成为该方法在现阶段难以普及的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
冀中坳陷潜山油气输导体系及与油气藏类型的匹配关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过总结前人研究结果,利用测井、钻井地质和地化等资料,对冀中坳陷潜山油气藏类型和油气输导体系特征进行研究,并结合已发现的潜山油气藏,建立了不同油气输导体系与潜山油气藏类型的匹配关系。结果表明:根据不同的圈闭遮挡条件,可将冀中坳陷潜山油气藏分为潜山顶、潜山坡和潜山内幕油气藏等3种类型;潜山油气输导体系发育断裂、不整合、内幕溶蚀层和复合型输导体系等4种类型;受碳酸盐岩地层、断层活动性影响以及与油气生成时间的匹配,断裂型输导体系具有高效性和时效性的特征,有利于形成潜山顶和内幕油气藏;不整合型输导体系由不整合上部底砾岩和下部淋浴带组成,具有"双层"输导的特点,有利于形成潜山顶和潜山坡油气藏;内幕溶蚀层型输导体系由潜山内部的溶蚀孔-洞-缝系统组成,其发育程度受内部地层泥质含量控制,有利于形成潜山内幕油气藏;复合型输导体系由单一型输导体系复合形成,具有"多样式"的特点,可以形成潜山顶、潜山坡和潜山内幕油气藏。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
本文提出了人为土的工程概念,从其成因的角度给出了人为土明确的科学定义,归纳和总结了人为土的基本特征,为人为土的工程分类体系建立、合理评价、工程利用和环境整治提供科学依据. 相似文献