吐哈盆地及二连盆地侏罗系煤微类脂组分的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）研究及油气意义

吐哈盆地产出有比较丰富的侏罗系煤成油气田，本文用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和热解分析等手段研究了煤中类脂组及微类脂组的类型、含量、分布与煤成烃性能和产出的关系。观察分析结果表明：在一般煤岩组分观测中主要含煤的西山窑组和八道湾组煤层类脂组含量很少超过１０％，但是一些煤样的热解分析中Ｓ＿１可高达５－２３ｍｇ／ｇ，Ｓ＿２可达１５０─２００ｍｇ／ｇ，ＨＩ（烃／有机碳）可高达１５０─３５０ｍｇ／ｇ生烃、含烃性能较好。进一步用共聚焦激光显微镜观测结果表明：本区一些薄层状、条带状煤层的基质镜质体和叶结构镜质体中微类脂组含量比较丰富，微区定量统计含量在３％─１８％左右。这种富含微类脂组的基质镜质体和结构镜质体在煤成油气中有重要意义，而且由于多数微类脂体在煤中常成点线状、似层状、充填状、网络状分布，可能有利于煤成油气的运移和聚集。     

JRC修正直边法的数学表达

JRC是反映爬坡角力学效应的岩体结构面表面形态等效描述指标。本文在爬坡角力学效应机理研究基础上, 阐述了JRC直边法的物理意义；通过岩体结构面表面起伏幅度与金属表面粗糙度幅度对比分析, 肯定了直边法的合理性；考虑JRC的尺寸效应, 推导JRC修正直边法的数学表达式, 编译计算机常用程序。最后, 实例检验了JRC修正直边法数学表达式的合理性和可用性。     

九甸峡工程区断层测年结果研究与讨论

断层的年代测定是研究断层活动性的重要内容之一。然而, 一个工程同一条断层会出现不同的测年结果, 从而引起争议和难予决断。近年来我们通过几个大型工程区域稳定性研究, 对此获得了一些认识。本文以洮河九甸峡地区几条主干断层为研究对象, 采用同位素年龄测定与野外地质调查和显微构造分析相结合的方法, 对断层测年问题作一分析和讨论, 也许对岩土工程断层活动性研究有一定参考价值。     

大别山超高压石榴多硅白云母片岩中钻石U－Pb年龄

大别山超高压石榴多硅白云母片岩中钻石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄刘晓春（中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京１０００８１）李惠民，左义成（地质矿产部天津地质矿产研究所，天津３００１７０）关键词石榴多硅白云母片岩，Ｕ－Ｐｈ年龄，早元古代表壳岩，印支期超高压变质，大别山高...     

地壳流体与地幔流体间的关系

通过铀、金矿床及地幔岩捕虏体研究，初步得出以下认识：（１）在热液作用中岩浆分异热液是不存在的；（２）碱交代作用是整个地幔交代作用和地壳交代作用的基本运作机制，现已构成有几十条具体规律的理论系统；碱交代岩是地幔流体转变为热液的化石记录；（３）拆离断层构造体系是地幔流体上升到地壳后的活动通道；（４）磷（Ｐ）是地幔流体的特征性示踪成分；（５）大洋缺氧事件、生物种属灭绝、厄尔尼诺等有共同的地幔流体致因；（６）天然气－油－盐－金属成矿是统一的热液成矿作用。软流体是今后区域成矿预测的重要新依据。软流体的顶部发育有次级、再次级的局部上凸部，这是矿带、矿田群的重要成矿控制因素和找矿新标志。     

山西奇村地热田的勘察与研究

通过近期对山西省忻州市奇村地热田进行的实地物化探勘察发现：地下热水的分布范围内视电阻率普遍偏低，且水温愈高，视电阻率愈低，在α 卡异常处均有地下热水存在。该地热田的热水分布区内的隔水层和盖层为亚粘土，粘土层。基地下热水的水化学类型为氯化物硫酸钠型及氯化钠型，热田热水赋存和滞留于浅层次生热储内。     

The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i.e     

5－（4－羧基苯偶氮）－8－（对甲苯磺酰氨基）－喹啉与金显色反应研究及应用

以８－氨基喹啉为母体，合成了新试剂５－（４－羧基苯偶氮）－８－（对甲苯磺酰氨基）－喹啉（ＣＰＴＳＱ），研究了它与Ａｕ的显色反应，在ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，于ｐＨ１０～１３的ＮａＯＨ介质中，ＣＰＴＳＱ与Ａｕ形成２：１紫蓝色络合物，最大吸收峰位于６１０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数１．０×ｌ０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，Ａｕ含量在０～１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ内符合比尔定律。方法选择性好，灵敏度高，操作简便，已用于金矿石样品中Ａｕ的测定，结果满意。     

Generating fracture networks using iterated function systems

In order to model flow and transport in fractured rocks it is important to know the geometry of the fracture network. A stochastic approach is commonly used to generate a synthetic fracture network from the statistics measured at a natural fracture network. The approach presented herein is able to incorporate the structures found in a natural fracture network into the synthetic fracture network. These synthetic fracture networks are the images generated by Iterated Function Systems (IFS) as introduced by Barnsley (1988). The conditions these IFS have to fulfil to determine images resembling fracture networks and the effects of their parameters on the images are discussed. It is possible to define the parameters of the IFS in order to generate some properties of a fracture network. The image of an IFS consists of many single points and has to be suitably processed for further use.     

Thorium and uranium isotopes in a manganese nodule from the Peru basin determined by alpha spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS): Are manganese supply and growth related to climate?

Thorium- and uranium isotopes were measured in a diagenetic manganese nodule from the Peru basin applying alpha- and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Alpha-counting of 62 samples was carried out with a depth resolution of 0.4 mm to gain a high-resolution²³⁰Th_excess profile. In addition, 17 samples were measured with TIMS to obtain precise isotope concentrations and isotope ratios. We got values of 0.06–0.59 ppb (²³⁰Th), 0.43–1.40 ppm (²³²Th), 0.09–0.49 ppb (²³⁴U) and 1.66–8.24 ppm (²³⁸U). The uranium activity ratio in the uppermost samples (1–6 mm) and in two further sections in the nodule at 12.5±1.0 mm and 27.3–33.5 mm comes close to the present ocean water value of 1.144±0.004. In two other sections of the nodule, this ratio is significantly higher, probably reflecting incorporation of diagenetic uranium. The upper 25 mm section of the Mn nodule shows a relatively smooth exponential decrease in the²³⁰Th_excess concentration (TIMS). The slope of the best fit yields a growth rate of 110 mm/Ma up to 24.5 mm depth. The section from 25 to 30.3 mm depth shows constant²³⁰Th_excess concentrations probably due to growth rates even faster than those in the top section of the nodule. From 33 to 50 mm depth, the growth rate is approximately 60 mm/Ma. Two layers in the nodule with distinct laminations (11–15 and 28–33 mm depth) probably formed during the transition from isotopic stage 8 to 7 and in stage 5e, respectively. The Mn/Fe ratio shows higher values during interglacials 5 and 7, and lower ones during glacials 4 and 6. A comparison of our data with data from adjacent sediment cores suggests (a) a variable supply of hydrothermal Mn to sediments and Mn nodules of the Peru basin or (b) suboxic conditions at the water sediment interface during periods with lower Mn/Fe ratios.