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西藏甲玛铜多金属矿元素分布规律及地质意义 总被引:11,自引:7,他引:11
甲玛铜多金属矿床已经成为冈底斯成矿带内为数不多的铜品位高、规模大、矿体连续性好的超大型斑岩-矽卡岩-角岩型铜多金属矿床。文章根据167个钻孔的成矿元素化学分析结果,对各元素平面分带、(Pb+Zn)/Cu、Au/Cu、Mo/Cu、Pb/Ag、Zn/Pb、Zn/Cu比值分带以及剖面上元素的分带等进行了系统分析,认为甲玛铜多金属矿具有典型的与岩浆成矿作用有关的元素分带特征,矿体由深部向浅部具有Mo→Mo(Cu)→Cu+Mo→Cu(Pb+Zn+Mo)→Cu(Pb+Zn)→Pb+Zn的成矿元素分带现象,具有高温→中低温成矿演化的特点。研究提出,成矿流体的运移方向是由北东至南西,流体源位于矿区北东部的则古朗地区。这种典型的热液分带特征同海底喷流沉积矿床近管道相Pb/Ag比值高、远离喷口Zn/Pb、Zn/Cu比值高的元素分带特征有着本质的区别。矿区北部则古朗地区高Mo/Cu比值以及钼元素矿化强度随标高降低愈强的分布特点,均预示了该地区是深部隐伏含矿斑岩体之所在。 相似文献
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威海市城市垃圾填埋场选址地质环境适宜性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
威海是"最适宜人类居住的地方",但随着城市建设的快速发展,城市垃圾产生量不断增加,垃圾填埋场选址问题亟待解决。以威海市环翠区为研究对象,综合考虑地形地貌、土地利用规划、交通、水利规划、气象、地质、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质等多方面因素及经济效益和环境效益,从地质环境角度出发,选取5个层次共15个评价因子,采用层次—网格法进行了垃圾填埋场选址区划分析研究,划分出垃圾可填埋区、限制填埋区、禁止填埋区。并在限制填埋区和可填埋区,进一步优选出几个垃圾填埋场地的首选场址,可供规划、设计部门参考。 相似文献
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Chemical and textural equilibration of garnet during amphibolite facies metamorphism: The influence of coupled dissolution–reprecipitation 下载免费PDF全文
Tim J Dempster Julie La Piazza Andrew G Taylor Nicolas Beaudoin Peter Chung 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(9):1111-1130
Metamorphic equilibration requires chemical communication between minerals and may be inhibited through sluggish volume diffusion and or slow rates of dissolution in a fluid phase. Relatively slow diffusion and the perceived robust nature of chemical growth zoning may preclude garnet porphyroblasts from readily participating in low‐temperature amphibolite facies metamorphic reactions. Garnet is widely assumed to be a reactant in staurolite‐isograd reactions, and the evidence for this has been assessed in the Late Proterozoic Dalradian pelitic schists of the Scottish Highlands. The 3D imaging of garnet porphyroblasts in staurolite‐bearing schists reveals a good crystal shape and little evidence of marginal dissolution; however, there is also lack of evidence for the involvement of either chlorite or chloritoid in the reaction. Staurolite forms directly adjacent to the garnet, and its nucleation is strongly associated with deformation of the muscovite‐rich fabrics around the porphyroblasts. “Cloudy” fluid inclusion‐rich garnet forms in both marginal and internal parts of the garnet porphyroblast and is linked both to the production of staurolite and to the introduction of abundant quartz inclusions within the garnet. Such cloudy garnet typically has a Mg‐rich, Mn‐poor composition and is interpreted to have formed during a coupled dissolution–reprecipitation process, triggered by a local influx of fluid. All garnet in the muscovite‐bearing schists present in this area is potentially reactive, irrespective of the garnet composition, but very few of the schists contain staurolite. The staurolite‐producing reaction appears to be substantially overstepped during the relatively high‐pressure Barrovian regional metamorphism reflecting the limited permeability of the schists in peak metamorphic conditions. Fluid influx and hence reaction progress appear to be strongly controlled by subtle differences in deformation history. The remaining garnet fails to achieve chemical equilibrium during the reaction creating distinctive patchy compositional zoning. Such zoning in metamorphic garnet created during coupled dissolution–reprecipitation reactions may be difficult to recognize in higher grade pelites due to subsequent diffusive re‐equilibration. Fundamental assumptions about metamorphic processes are questioned by the lack of chemical equilibrium during this reaction and the restricted permeability of the regional metamorphic pelitic schists. In addition, the partial loss of prograde chemical and textural information from the garnet porphyroblasts cautions against their routine use as a reliable monitor of metamorphic history. However, the partial re‐equilibration of the porphyroblasts during coupled dissolution–reprecipitation opens possibilities of mapping reaction progress in garnet as a means of assessing fluid access during peak metamorphic conditions. 相似文献
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Controls on metamorphic equilibration: the importance of intergranular solubilities mediated by fluid composition 下载免费PDF全文
W. D. Carlson J. D. Hixon J. M. Garber R. J. Bodnar 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2015,33(2):123-146
A dramatic demonstration of the role of intergranular solubility in promoting chemical equilibration during metamorphism is found in the unusual zoning of garnet in pelitic schist exposed at Harpswell Neck, Maine, USA. Many garnet crystals have irregular, patchy distributions of Mn, Cr, Fe and Mg in their inclusion‐rich interiors, transitioning to smooth, concentric zoning in their inclusion‐poor outer rims; in contrast, zoning of Ca and Y is comparatively smooth and concentric throughout. We re‐assess the disputed origin of these zoning features by examining garnet growth in the context of the thermal and structural history of the rocks, and by evaluating the record of fluid–rock interaction revealed in outcrop‐scale veining and fluid‐inclusion assemblages. The transition in the character of garnet zoning correlates with the onset of a synkinematic, simple‐shear‐dominated phase of garnet growth and with a shift in the composition of the intergranular fluid from CO2‐rich to H2O‐rich. Compositional variations in garnet are therefore best explained by a two‐stage growth history in which intergranular diffusive fluxes reflect differences in the concentration of dissolved species in these two contrasting fluids. Interiors of garnet crystals grew in the presence of a CO2‐rich fluid, in which limited solubility for Mn and Cr (and perhaps Fe and Mg) produced patchy disequilibrium overprint zoning, while appreciable solubility for Ca and Y permitted their rock‐wide equilibration. Rims grew in the presence of an H2O‐rich fluid, in which high intergranular concentrations for all elements except Cr enabled diffusion over length scales sufficient for rock‐wide equilibration. This striking example of partial chemical equilibrium during reaction and porphyroblast growth implies that thermal effects may commonly be subsidiary in importance to solubilities in the intergranular medium as determinants of length scales for metamorphic equilibration. 相似文献
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Oxygen isotopes are an attractive target for zoning studies because of the ubiquity of oxygen‐bearing minerals and the dependence of mineral 18O/16O ratios on temperature and fluid composition. In this study, subtle intragrain oxygen isotope zoning in titanite is resolved at the 10‐μm scale by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The patterns of δ18O zoning differ depending on microstructural context of individual grains and reflect multiple processes, including diffusive oxygen exchange, partial recrystallization, grain‐size reduction, and grain growth. Using the chronological framework provided by structural relations, these processes can be related to specific events during the Grenville orogeny. Titanite was sampled from two outcrops within the Carthage‐Colton Mylonite Zone (CCMZ), a long‐lived shear zone that ultimately accommodated exhumation of the Adirondack Highlands from beneath the Adirondack Lowlands during the Ottawan phase (1090–1020 Ma) of the Grenville orogeny. Titanite is hosted in the Diana metasyenite complex, which preserves three sequentially developed fabrics: an early NW‐dipping protomylonitic fabric (S1) is crosscut by near‐vertical ultramylonitic shear zones (S2), which are locally reoriented by a NNW‐dipping mylonitic fabric (S3). Texturally early titanite (pre‐S2) shows diffusion‐dominated δ18O zoning that records cooling from peak Ottawan, granulite‐facies conditions. Numerical diffusion models in the program Fast Grain Boundary yield good fits to observed δ18O profiles for cooling rates of 50 ± 20 °C Ma?1, which are considerably faster than the 1–5 °C Ma?1 cooling rates previously inferred for the Adirondack Highlands from regional thermochronology. High cooling rates are consistent with an episode of rapid shearing and exhumation along the CCMZ during gravitational collapse of the Ottawan orogen at c. 1050 Ma. Texturally later titanite (syn‐S2) has higher overall δ18O and shows a transition from diffusion‐dominated to recrystallization‐dominated δ18O zoning, indicating infiltration of elevated‐δ18O fluids along S2 shear zones and continued shearing below the blocking temperature for oxygen (~≤500 °C for grain sizes at the study site). The texturally latest titanite (post‐S3) has growth‐dominated δ18O zoning, consistent with porphyroblastic grain growth following cessation of shearing along the Harrisville segment of the CCMZ. 相似文献
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西藏冈底斯尼木后碰撞花岗岩的岩浆混合作用:显微结构证据 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
岩浆混合过程中不同熔体之间的相互作用会影响晶体的成核与生长,形成矿物内部复杂的成分变化,以及矿物之间的不平衡结构。尼木二长花岗岩位于冈底斯岩浆岩带中部,是代表性的形成于后碰撞构造演化时期的花岗岩体。本文对其中的斜长石与角闪石颗粒进行了详细的结构和成分分析,揭示了斜长石中的港湾状、浑圆状、筛孔状熔蚀结构以及斜长石成分的突然变化和角闪石包裹黑云母的不平衡结构,并探讨了它们的成因以及相关的岩浆混合作用。分析结果显示,斜长石中突变环带的An含量为37.6~40.6,熔蚀环带的An含量为48.2~59.5,均高于两侧斜长石的An含量(18.4~26.4),表明在形成这些结构时有外来基性岩浆的混合使得岩浆成分发生了突变。样品中的部分黑云母被自形的角闪石包裹,黑云母呈浑圆状并且具有港湾状的熔蚀边,这可能是基性岩浆的混合作用使得岩浆的温度升高导致黑云母发生部分熔融,混合后的岩浆在黑云母周围继续结晶形成角闪石。这些显微结构为揭示冈底斯岩浆岩带的岩浆混合作用提供了新证据。 相似文献