车辆荷载作用下公路挡土墙稳定性及力学响应研究

为研究车辆荷载对公路挡土墙稳定性的影响,针对规范中未考虑墙后土体破裂角变化的问题,引入改进等效土层厚度法,以库仑土压力理论为基础,循环迭代计算破裂角收敛值得到新的换算土层厚度。以安康市某公路边坡路堤挡土墙实例,分别采用规范方法和改进方法分析挡土墙稳定性,结果表明：改进方法的稳定性评价结果更精确。采用数值方法分析车辆荷载作用下挡土墙的力学响应,结果表明：车辆荷载作用下挡土墙受影响部位主要为中上部。车墙距离越小,墙后土体振动响应越显著,附加动土压力越大,而挡土墙水平位移受其影响不大。     

甘肃省花海盆地土壤氡分布特征及控制因素研究

花海盆地位于甘肃省走廊盆地群西缘,是中国深部铀资源勘探的重要潜力区之一。根据对土壤氡气浓度信息提取和野外勘探钻探成果分析,花海盆地土壤氡浓度可分为东部正常场-偏高场氡晕和西部偏高-高场晕氡晕;下白垩统下沟组（K1x）砂岩层段为本区铀矿化有利层位,建议在西部、南部土壤氡气偏高-高场晕氡晕过渡带追索层铀矿化带,寻找有利靶区。     

辽宁东平金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

东平金矿位于辽西凌源-阜新金成矿带上,金矿(化)体主要赋存在硅化构造角砾岩、硅化流纹岩和硅化流纹质角砾熔岩中.矿石以自然金和银金矿为主,其中自然金约占80%,银金矿约占20%.激电中梯及钻探结果显示矿体主要受北北西向构造控制,金矿(化)体主要位于高阻低极化率的F2构造蚀变带内.土壤地球化学测量圈定综合异常22处,Ⅰ-4异常区经钻探验证发现多个隐伏金矿(化)体.在详细研究矿床地质特征的基础上,通过对比邻区赵家沟金矿,初步推断其成因类型为低温热液型金矿.同时认为区内北北西向构造蚀变带内具有的黄铁矿化、强硅化和碳酸盐化是主要的矿化蚀变信息,高阻低极化率及Au土壤地球化学综合异常带是重要的找矿方向.     

宽甸县水土流失灾害与防治对策

宽甸县处于新构造运动强烈上升区,境内峰峦叠嶂,山势陡峻,沟深谷狭,暴雨频繁,地质环境十分脆弱;加之森林大量砍伐,陡坡开荒严重,垦植指数过高,超载养蚕放牧,滥采乱挖猖獗,使生态环境遭到严重破坏,水土流失程度日益加剧。严重的水土流失,导致水库淤积,河道堵塞,土层变薄,地力下降,洪水泛滥,灾害频繁,给国民经济和社会发展造成巨大损失。本文阐述了宽甸山区水土流失的形成因素和危害现状,并因地制宜提出了水土流失灾害的防治对策     

福州市农田土壤养分空间变异特征

研究农田土壤养分空间分布特征及变异规律,分析地形因子对土壤养分空间分布的影响,对土壤养分的有效利用与管理具有重要意义。本文采用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,揭示东南丘陵区福州市农田土壤养分（有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾）的空间分布特征和变异规律,并进一步探讨土壤养分含量与地形因子（地形起伏度、高程、地形湿度指数、沉积运输指数和坡度）之间的相关性。结果表明：福州市农田有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量范围分别为1.10~89.5 g/kg、 1.00~461 mg/kg、0.300~298 mg/kg、和4.00~399 mg/kg,其变异系数范围为35.3%~99.0%,均属于中等变异水平;区域内耕地土壤养分存在明显的空间丰缺差异,大部分地区有机质和有效磷含量较为丰富,碱解氮含量处于中等偏上水平,速效钾含量相对较低;有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的块金系数分别为32.0%、37.3%、50.0%和50.0%,均呈中等强度空间自相关,表明同时受到结构和随机因素控制;有机质和碱解氮空间自相关尺度较大,且在步长小于0.3 km时,各方向（0°、45°、90°和135°）变化平稳,为各向同性,而有效磷和速效钾变程较小,且各方向变化较复杂,为各向异性。这些结果表明,政府需加强施肥指导,保持氮肥施用量的同时,合理增加钾肥,适当降低有机肥和磷肥施用。此外,在后续调查采样时,样点布设要考虑密度和方向性,适当加密有效磷和速效钾的采样,而有机质和碱解氮采样可以在此基础上适当减少样点。     

Managing Soil Erosion Potential by Integrating Digital Elevation Models with the Southern China＇s Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation——A Case Study for the West Lake Scenic Spots Area of Hangzhou, China

In China, many scenic and tourism areas are suffering from the urbanization that results from physical development of tourism projects, leading to the removal of the vegetative cover, the creation of areas impermeable to water, in-stream modifications, and other problems. In this paper, the risk of soil erosion and its ecological risks in the West Lake Scenic Spots （WLSS） area were quantitatively evaluated by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） with a digital elevation model （DEM） and geographical information system （GIS） software. The standard RUSLE factors were modified to account for local climatic and topographic characteristics reflected in the DEM maps, and for the soil types and vegetation cover types. An interface was created between the Areinfo software and RUSLE so that the level of soil erosion and its ecological risk in the WLSS area could be mapped immediately once the model factors were defined for the area. The results from an analysis using the Areinfo-RUSLE interface showed that the risk value in 93 % of the expanding western part of the WLSS area was moderate or more severe and the soil erosion risk in this area was thus large compared with that in the rest of the area. This paper mainly aimed to increase the awareness of the soil erosion risk in urbanizing areas and suggest that the local governments should consider the probable ecological risk resulting from soil erosion when enlarging and developing tourism areas.     

Assimilation of ASAR data with a hydrologic and semi-empirical backscattering coupled model to estimate soil moisture

The most promising approach for studying soil moisture is the assimilation of observation data and computational modeling.However,there is much uncertainty in the assimilation process,which affects the assimilation results.This research developed a one-dimensional soil moisture assimilation scheme based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF)and Genetic Algorithm(GA).A two-dimensional hydrologic model-Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model(DHSVM)was coupled with a semi-empirical backscattering model(Oh).The Advanced Synthetic Apertture Radar(ASAR)data were assimilated with this coupled model and the field observation data were used to validate this scheme in the soil moisture assimilation experiment.In order to improve the assimilation results,a cost function was set up based on the distance between the simulated backscattering coefficient from the coupled model and the observed backscattering coefficient from ASAR.The EnKF and GA were used to re-initialize and re-parameterize the simulation process,respectively.The assimilation results were compared with the free-run simulations from hydrologic model and the field observation data.The results obtained indicate that this assimilation scheme is practical and it can improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation significantly.     

广西军事体育学校膨胀岩山体滑坡整治的反思

膨胀岩（土）病害是一种特殊的工程地质现象。文章通过对广西军体校膨胀岩山体滑坡的整治经验进行总结,探讨其成因机理,提出对整治设计的一些看法     

CARBON DYNAMICS OF WETLAND IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN

1INTRODUCTIONWetlandsplayanimportant roleintheprocessofcar-bonstorage.Thetotalcarbonstoredindifferentkindsofwetlandsisabout15%-35%ofthetotalcarboninthegloballandsoils(POSTetal.,1982;GORHAM,1991).Inaddition,wetlandsaresignificantnaturalsources fortheatmospheric CH4 (MOORE,1994).It isestimatedthatabout110×1012gCH4 originates fromanaerobicdecompositioninthenaturalwetlands,CH4 emission fromthenaturalwetlandsis15%-30%oftheglobalCH4 emission andtheCH4 emission from thepeat land at hi…     

土壤含水量对桉树幼苗生长及生物量分配的影响

以尾叶桉U6无性系为研究材料,盆栽于土壤含水量分别为田间持水量的100%(Ⅰ)、80%(Ⅱ,CK)、60%(Ⅲ)和40%(Ⅳ)条件下30 d,研究不同土壤含水量对桉树幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响.结果表明:不同土壤含水量显著影响桉树幼苗的生长和生物量分配.与对照组相比,60%和40%土壤含水量下桉树幼苗的株高、地径、叶片数、叶面积、根长和侧根数分别减少37.8%、33.6%、52.1%、68.9%、44.0%、37.5%和44.4%、40.4%、60.8%、77.5%、51.6%、48.9% ;总生物量、根、茎、叶生物量分别减少53 .5%、22.4%、57.9%、62.0%和63.9%、26.2%、59.7%、78.9% .100%土壤含水量下上述各项指标值均有所增加,说明桉树幼苗仍有一定增长潜力,然其水分利用效率不高,生产上不实用.水分亏缺使桉树幼苗倾向于将更多的资源分配给根系生长,增大根/茎比,降低其利用价值.