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61.
62.
1999年 5期《第四纪研究》刊登的“青藏高原冰期环境与冰期全球降温”论文 ,内容丰富 ,提出了许多重大问题和新鲜讯息 ,发人深思。本文就部分内容进行讨论 ,认为根据新近若干冰期降温值较大的信息 ,就得出冰期降温幅度为过去认识的两倍的普遍性推断 ,还为时过早。青藏高原新近研究表明夏季降温值是较小的 ;冰川平衡线高度取决于以夏季温度为标志所提供的消融热量与全年降雪积累量的平衡 ,单纯就降温值 ,不能决定平衡线下降值 ;全球各地气候、地形差别很大 ,冰期变化也很悬殊 ,不存在全球均一的 1 0 0 0m左右平衡线下降值 ,干旱区的下降值多低于此数。青藏高原末次冰盛期 (LGM)冰川堆积 (终碛、侧碛 )和侵蚀形态(冰斗、槽谷 )一般保存良好、形态鲜明 ,较易识别 ,近年已获取测年资料 ,证明过去地貌法判别的LGM冰川规模 ,并以此决定的LGM平衡线位置基本恰当 ,当然也有误判者。从 2 0世纪 2 0年代起 ,研究者逐渐认识高原内部主要是中西部LGM平衡线下降值较小 ,经过多次改进的LGM平衡线高度分布图显示约有 1 /3左右地区 ,平衡线下降值不足 30 0m ,实为世所罕见。其原因可能主要在高原西北部是全球惟一高海拔寒旱核心区域 ,为极大陆型或极地型冰川分布区 ,以现代西昆仑山崇测冰川、古里雅冰帽为例 ,平衡线高度 相似文献
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Acacia nilotica is a tree of international significance both as a beneficial plant and as a species prone to thicket formation and negative impacts on savannas throughout much of its range. While fire has been identified as a useful tool for controlling negative impacts of some Acacia species in Africa, A. nilotica adult trees are apparently fire tolerant. The effects of fire on seed bank mortality, viability and germination, and on juvenile plants of this species are unknown. We undertook a study to investigate the impacts of fire on seeds and first and second year seedlings in Australian Astrebla savannas. The primary objective was to determine the effects of control burns applied during the early stages of invasion and thicket formation. Because of high rates of seedling dessication post fire in 1997, supplementary watering was undertaken until fire mortality could be measured the following year. High seed mortality occurred for seeds located either in cattle dung (100%) or on the soil surface (c. 80%). Germination of those seeds that survived was enhanced following exposure to fire. Very high fire mortality (99%) was observed among first year seedlings and moderate mortality (60%) for second year seedlings even after a low intensity burn. Negative impacts on major pasture species were minimal. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to A. nilotica fire ecology and to the efficacy of fire as a tool for managing this species. 相似文献
66.
The “greatest lake period” means that the lakes are in the stage of their maximum areas. As the paleo lake shorelines are
widely distributed in the lake basins on the Tibetan Plateau, the lake areas during the “greatest lake period” may be inferred
by the last highest lake shorelines. They are several, even tens times larger than that at present. According to the analyses
of tens of lakes on the Plateau, most dating data fell into the range of 40-25 ka BP, some lasted to 20 ka BP. It was corresponded
to the stage 3 of marine isotope and interstitial of last glaciation. The occurrence of maximum areas of lakes marked the
very humid period on the Plateau and was also related to the stronger summer monsoon during that period. 相似文献
67.
TU Xia ZHENG Fan Wang Jiliang CAI Huimei WANG Pinxian C.Bühring M.Sarnthein 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(10):865-870
The high-resolution quantitative analysis of the planktonic foraminifera and the δ18O records of the section between 96.49– 137.6 mcd at ODP Site 1144 on the continental slope of northern South China Sea reveals
an abrupt cooling event of sea surface temperature (SST) during the last interglacial (MIS 5.5, i.e. 5e). The dropping range
of the winter SST may come to 7.5°C corresponding to 1.2‰ of the δ18O value of sea surface water. This event is comparable with those discovered in the west Europe and the northern Atlantic
Ocean, but expressed in a more intensive way. It is inferred that this event may have been induced by middle- to low-latitude
processes rather than by polar ice sheet change. Since the Kuroshio-index speciesPulleniatina obliquiloculata displayed the most distinct change at the event, it may also be related to the paleoceanographic change of the low-latitude
area in the western Pacific Ocean. This event can be considered as one of “Younger Dryas-style coolings” and is indicative
of climate variability of the last interglacial stage. 相似文献
68.
Experimental studies and mesoscale modeling of atmospheric chemistry require a good knowledge of the sources of the atmospheric constituent, at a temporal scale of about one hour and at a spatial scale corresponding to the model grid. A combined remote sensing/modeling approach for the estimation of the diurnal distribution of the amount of biomass burning in Central African Republic (C.A.R.) savanna fires is proposed. The fire propagation model (BEHAVE) developed by Rothermel was adapted to the fuel characteristics encountered in C.A.R. Ground and airborne measurements with satellite images (NOAA/AVHRR) were used to predict an accurate estimate of the burnt biomass. This combination allows the calculation of the distribution of the number of fires during the day providing an evaluation of the instantaneous fluxes of the compounds emitted in the atmosphere by these fires. 相似文献
69.
1996年上半年全世界共发生6级以上地震58次,其中7级以上地震10次,成灾的地震10次,死亡人数总510人,伤约1.5万人,经济损失为83亿-100亿元人民币。其中我国境内灾害地震3次,死亡人数共计349人,伤约1.45万人,经济损失约78亿元人民币。我国因地震死亡的总人数约占全世界地震 相似文献
70.
采用b值时间扫描及地震复发周期等统计方法,对乌鲁木齐至沙湾一带1977年以来的地震观测资料进行了计算分析。初步结果表明:研究区域内5.0级以上中强地震发生前,b值均出现不同程度的负异常。利用地震复发周期计算公式和未来地震震级定量计算公式,得到区内不同震级区间的平均复发周期及今后2年左右可能发生的最大地震震级。 相似文献