SVD方法在场的定量预测中的应用

经SVD分析,截取足够多的预报场和因子场时间系数,使其相互关系代表两场的大尺度联系,预报场时间系数与其奇异向量线性组合估计场能反映原场主要特征.利用最小二乘法得到数值上最接近原场的初值,借助最优化技术,确定合理的系数,建立预测公式,由因子场时间系数预测预报场时间系数,同时订正预报场时间系数a1,a2,……,aN本身的误差和反演过程中分析误差造成的场格点趋势预测的误差.最后将预测的预报场时间系数和对应奇异向量反演为整个场的预报.预报过程重点考虑可预报的大尺度变化,滤去不可预报的小扰动,依据两场主要耦合关系,预测预报场未来的主要变化.     

山西地区非弹性衰减系数、场地响应和几种震源参数的研究.

根据山西数字地震台网14个地震台的310条波形资料，研究了山西地区的非弹性衰减系数；采用Atkinson和Moya方法，研究了各台的场地响应和几种震源参数，并对这两种方法的反演结果进行了对比分析. 得到山西地区非弹性衰减Q值随频率f的关系为Q(f)=323.2f 0.506；得到的14个台站的场地响应均没有显示出明显的放大效应，这与山西台站均处于岩石地基相符；得到了拐角频率与地震矩、地震矩与应力降、震源半径与应力降之间存在依赖关系.      

特种遗产资源研究基本问题--中国世界遗产与国家公园研究形势与任务

特种遗产是本文对世界遗产与国家公园认定、保护、保存、展示和遗传后代的科学研究所作的理论概括,同时界定了特种遗产与特种遗产资源的概念,讨论了中国的特种遗产———世界遗产与国家公园研究形势,提出了特种遗产资源研究的8个基本问题。     

Availability of Bauxite Reserves

Based upon a large database, this paper analyzes the record of bauxite mine production, exploration success, and resource depletion and evaluates the availability of bauxite reserves in the near future. The record clearly shows that for the past 50 years world bauxite production rose by an annual increase of over 5% while per capita consumption rose during the same period by about 4%. Time trends of the world bauxite reserve life index (RLI); that is, known world reserves of a given year divided by world production of the same year, are episodic and seem to follow bauxite price cycles. The present-day RLI indicates adequate bauxite supply for about 180 years and is the same as it was in 1950. However, if an annual growth rate of 5% is considered, the currently known reserves will be exhausted within the next 20 years and the reserve base will be adequate for not more than 25 years. This scenario is based, of course, on the unrealistic assumption that future exploration efforts fail to discover additional reserves. Evaluation of the quality, in terms of bauxite signatures, and quantity of presently known bauxite prospects that may be mined in future suggests that there is sufficient potential for adequate bauxite supply for the next 20 to 25 years at least. Bauxite signatures cover a wide range of values that allows selection of the most favorable bauxite prospects for future mining, both in economic as well as environmental terms. Although, there is the general believe that the world abundance of bauxite resources will ensure sufficient supply to meet future demands significant additional reserves have to be discovered if exponential growth rates continue. As the question of future bauxite supply is subject to economic and geologic principles one has to take into consideration that increasing exploration maturity in many mineral provinces will make it difficult to locate additional bauxite reserves and that decreasing real commodity prices will influence the level of investment in bauxite exploration.     

关于网外地震的定位问题--利用福建区域数字地震台网资料测定台湾地震震源位置

针对地壳内部的网外地震震源的定位问题，由震相组合成不同的方程组，利用均值寻查定位法迭代求解。在选取地球物理参数模型时，考虑了台湾地震部门定位时所用的模型和华南地区地震走时表等。利用福建数字地震台网记录到的绕射波Pn、Sn的到时资料，通过定位程序测定了134个位于台湾区域的壳内地震的震源位置。测定结果与台湾地震部门在其网址上公布的结果进行比对．平均震中位詈相差9km．震源深度相差8km．     

渭河断陷盆地及邻近地区的Q值速度场分布特征与地震活动性

利用西安数字遥测地震台网记录的数字地震资料．采用P↑-波初动半周期方法．得到了渭河断陷盆地及邻近地区的Q值分布。结果表明，Q值分布与20km深度P↑-波速度分布有较好的一致性．并与该区域的地震活动性密切相关。     

无需初值的RPC模型参数求解算法研究

针对国内外研究者求解RPC(Rational Polynom ial Cam era)模型参数的算法需要初值及迭代处理,且求解过程相当复杂的缺憾,提出基于全球DEM无需初值的RPC模型参数求解算法。利用SPOT-5卫星影像进行试验,获得该算法对线阵推扫式卫星遥感影像有意义的结论。对SPOT-5卫星影像在利用严格成像模型求解RPC模型参数时,进行了控制点格网大小及高程分层数对求解精度的影响试验,得出:对SPOT-5卫星影像,采用控制点的格网大小为20像素×20像素、高程分层数为3时,可以达到精度和效率的平衡。     

The compatibility conditions in altimetry–gravimetry boundary value problems

The role of compatibility conditions for altimetry–gravimetry boundary value problems (AGBVPs) is quite complicated by way of: guaranteeing the existence of the solution; smoothing the data (boundary conditions) at the boundary; and providing a higher level of regularization and smoothness to the solution. Pseudo-differential operators (PDOs) can be applied not only for the reformulation of AGBVPs in a simple way, but also for imposing compatibility conditions at the coastline. It is shown here that spherical PDOs can be combined with the theory of spherical harmonics and spherical wavelets to obtain a numerical solution for AGBVPs with compatibility conditions along the coastline. The role of compatibility conditions, is summarized and emphasized and compatibility conditions are given in an explicit form based on the combined representation of functionals of the disturbing potential in terms of spherical harmonics, spherical PDOs and wavelets. Numerical aspects of the application of the compatibility conditions to a case-study area in Canada are discussed.     

云南地震数字遥测台网子台地动噪声分析

介绍了云南数字遥测台网的基本情况，阐述了地动噪声有效值和功率谱的计算方法。对选取的资料进行预处理后，计算分析了云南数字遥测台网全部子台的地动噪声水平，按地动噪声水平对子台进行了分类。指出了地动噪声分析对台网建设的作用。     

Active sensing using impedance‐based ARX models and extreme value statistics for damage detection

In this paper, the applicability of an auto‐regressive model with exogenous inputs (ARX) in the frequency domain to structural health monitoring (SHM) is established. Damage sensitive features that explicitly consider non‐linear system input/output relationships are extracted from the ARX model. Furthermore, because of the non‐Gaussian nature of the extracted features, Extreme Value Statistics (EVS) is employed to develop a robust damage classifier. EVS provides superior performance to standard statistical methods because the data of interest are in the tails (extremes) of the damage sensitive feature distribution. The suitability of the ARX model, combined with EVS, to non‐linear damage detection is demonstrated using vibration data obtained from a laboratory experiment of a three‐story building model. It is found that the vibration‐based method, while able to discern when damage is present in the structure, is unable to localize the damage to a particular joint. An impedance‐based active sensing method using piezoelectric (PZT) material as both an actuator and a sensor is then investigated as an alternative solution to the problem of damage localization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.