烟台海滨潮间带岩岸环境无脊椎动物群落特性的初步研究

本文所研究的烟台沿海潮间带岩带环境无脊椎动物群落的最小样方面积为4m3。石沟屯的无脊椎动物群落种的多样性与蛇们岛和雨岱山两地的无脊椎动物群落种的多样性存在显著差异（P＜0．01），以石沟屯的多样性指数最高（Shannon－WienerIndexH＝0．888），生物密度最大（6702个体／m），且石沟屯的无脊椎动物群落的结构与崆峒岛和雨岱山的存在明显差异。水体一定程度的富营养化和风浪的影响是造成所研究的岩岸环境无脊椎动物群落的结构与多样性差异的主要原因。所研究的三地无脊椎动物群落都以东方小藤壶为绝对优势种，以东方小藤壶、黑荞麦蛤和短滨螺3个优势种决定着所研究的烟台岩岸环境无脊椎动物群落的结构和外貌。     

长江口中肋骨条藻赤潮发生全过程调查报告

于1990年6月在长江口赤潮多发区定点观测到一次中肋骨条藻赤潮发生的全过程，对中肋骨条藻赤潮发生过程中浮游植物群落结构的变动及细胞形态的变化进行研究。结果表明，（1）中肋骨条藻赤潮发生前，水体中甲藻数量多于硅藻；赤潮发生后，中肋骨条藻增殖，逐渐成为主要优势种，硅藻在数量上超过了甲藻；浮游植物种类丰度指数的大小能较好地反映赤潮发生的各个阶段。（2）赤潮发生过程中，中肋骨条藻细胞增殖率次序为：发展阶段＞维持阶段＞起始阶段。（3）在赤潮发生的维持阶段后期和消亡阶段，有5％-7．8％的中肋骨条藻形成休眠孢子，一个中肋骨条藻细胞仅形成一个休眠孢子，且同一个中肋骨条藻群体链上的所有细胞形成休眠孢子是同步的。     

Effects of Soft Corals on Scleractinian Coral Recruitment. II: Allelopathy, Spat Survivorship and Reef Community Structure

Abstract. Two field experiments were performed on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, at Orpheus Island and Lizard Island, respectively, to investigate the effects of allelopathic soft corals on survivorship and community structure of scleractinian coral spat. Ceramic tiles were placed around the allelopathic soft corals Sinularia flexibilis (Quoy & Gaimard 1833) and Sarcophyton glaucum (Quoy & Gaimard 1833), and controls. One control consisted of settlement plates surrounding a scleractinian coral (non‐allelopathic planktivore); another control had no adult soft or scleractinian coral present. The experimental soft corals affected the recruitment of various taxonomic groups of coral spat differentially, as evidenced by the diversity of coral spat settling in treatments and controls. At Orpheus Island (O.I., n = 1038 spat) and Lizard Island (L.I., n = 7032 spat), there were significant differences between recruitment success of the two dominant coral taxa, Pocilloporidae (O.I., 61.4 %; L.I., 20.5 %) and Acroporidae (O.I., 33.7 %; L.I., 53 %). Settlement plates exposed to Sinularia flexibilis at either site had the lowest proportion of acroporid recruits. Diversity indices (Shannon‐Wiener Indices) varied significantly between treatments at both Orpheus and Lizard Islands. This appears to be due to selective inhibition of acroporid spat by Sinularia flexibilis at both sites. Growth of coral spat was higher on settlement plates in the presence of Sarcophyton at Lizard Island. Settlement of most associated epibiota was generally inhibited under these conditions. Coral spat survivorship was highest in the presence of Sinularia at Orpheus ­Island; at Lizard Island, this was the case with the Sarcophyton treatment. Higher survivorship, and in some cases growth, of coral spat near soft corals was apparently due to reduced competition for space between spat and associated epibiota. This hypothesis is supported by the results of a sister experiment where a coating of Sinularia flexibilis extract on settlement tiles significantly decreased fouling by sessile epibiota. Soft corals have an allelopathic effect on recruitment and early development of scleractinian corals and, consequently, on early coral reef community succession.     

大气模式中季节内振荡特征对不同海温强迫场的响应

利用美国国家大气研究中心 (NCAR)的全球大气模式 (CCM3) ,分别以月平均和周平均海表温度 (SST)为强迫场进行 2个积分试验 (称为 CCMM和 CCMW试验 )。积分结果与观测资料的对比分析发现 ,CCM3模拟大气季节内振荡 (MJO)信号的强度均较观测资料偏弱 ,而其中以CCMW模拟的强度略大而较接近真实。表明 SST强迫场包含更真实的季节内变化信息对提高模拟 MJO强度有作用。 CCMM与 CCMW模拟 MJO活动的时间位相均与观测差别较大 ,直接原因在于 CCM3中降水季节内振荡与 SST变化的相关关系不正确 ,而更根本的问题在于大气模式无法反映资料分析发现的季节内时间尺度的 SST与大气的相互作用。     

台湾海峡中北部海洋线虫群落的种类组成及分布

1998年2月对台湾海峡中北部3个断面13个取样站进行了自由生活海洋线虫调查，获得了海洋线虫100种，隶属于3目28科91属，其中密度较高的种有萨巴线虫（Sabatieria sp.1)、变异矛咽线虫（Dorylaimopsis variabilis)、Vasostoma sp．、花斑线虫（Spilophorella sp.)、吞咽线虫（Daptonema sp.)、Linhystera sp.1、吸咽线虫（Halalaimus sp.1)和（Filoncholaimus sp.)等。虽然这些海洋线虫绝大多数只鉴定江口外海降低。从优势种分布看，不同取样站其密度差异很大。海洋线虫的取食类型以选择性食沉积物者（1A）占优，有38种，但刮食性种类（2A）和非选择性食沉积物者（1B）也分别为29种和25种，表明了台湾海峡中北部海洋吸虫取食类型的复杂性。文中还探讨了海洋线虫分布与海流等环境因子的关系。     

人为干扰对岩礁潮间带无脊椎动物群落结构的影响

对烟台海域 6个岩礁潮间带生态学统的无脊椎动物群落的研究发现 ,东方小藤壶( Chthamallus challengeri )为第一优势种。其主要优势种——密鳞牡蛎 ( Ostrea denselamellosa )、短滨螺 ( Littorina brevicula)、紫贻贝 ( Mytilus edulis)和常见种——笠贝 ( Patelloida spp.)、红条毛腹石鳖( Acanthochiton rubrolineatus)、沙参 ( Nereisspp.)、海葵 ( Anthopleura midori )在群落中的优势地位和功能有明显的区别 ,尽管 6个岩礁潮间带群落的区系成分相近。对基于 RIV、RB和 RD的优势度曲线研究发现 ,基于 RIV和 RB的优势度曲线更适合于表示和描述受人为干扰和污染的潮间带无脊椎动物群落的结构和多样性变化。研究发现 ,6个潮间带的无脊椎动物群落皆受到不同程度的干扰 ,而养马岛和芝罘岛所受的干扰最轻。 6个岩礁潮间带的群落多样性序列依次为 :芝罘岛、养马岛、石沟屯、烟台山、玉岱山、月老湾。不同岩礁潮间带群落的种类组成和结构差异主要由来自采集和旅游者的干扰 ,养殖和生活污水造成的海水富营养化所致     

Zonation and Ecology of Epiphytic Hydroids in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon: The 'Stagnone' of Marsala (North-West Sicily)

Abstract. Distribution patterns of epiphytic hydroids of seagrass ( Posidonia occanica and Cymodocea nodosa ) beds were studied in the 'Stagnone', a moderately hypcrhaline lagoon in Sicily. The role of water movement in determining the spatial and temporal zonation of epiphytic hydroids and their morpho-physiological variations is evaluated. Remarks on systematics arc also included.     

Comparison of Phytoplankton Species Composition and Abundance in the Rias Arosa and Muros (NW Spain)

Abstract. Seasonal changes in phytoplankton species composition and abundance were studied in the Rias de Arosa and Muros (NW Spain) in November 1975, April and August 1976. Data on density and percentage contribution of species were used to calculate spatial and temporal relationships of phytoplankton communities by affinity matrices. The phytoplankton communities of both rias differed in species composition and abundance during the three sampling seasons. Diatoms dominated and total abundance was always higher in Arosa. Both rias have upwelling of nutrient-rich oceanic water but the Arosa has an intense raft aquaculture of the edible mussel Mytilus edulis.     

烟台月亮湾岩岸潮间带底栖海藻群落结构的季节变化

月亮湾岩岸潮间带底栖海藻群落的种类组成存在显著的季节差异 ,春季群落的种类最丰富 (2 7种 ) ,其次为秋季群落 (2 6种 ) ,夏季和冬季较少 (2 2和 2 1种 ) ,4个季节群落的共有种仅为 7种。各季节群落中均以红藻的种类最丰富 ,褐藻次之 ,绿藻最少。在 4个季节群落中生物量的变化如下 :夏季 >秋季 >冬季 >春季。绿藻和褐藻类群主要为暖温性种类 ,而红藻类群比较复杂 ,即有暖温带性的、温带和暖水性种类 ,也有寒温带的冷水性种类。4个季节群落的物种优势度序列存在明显的差异 ,海黍子在春季和冬季为群落的第 1优势种 ,而孔石莼在夏季和秋季为第 1优势种。不同季节群落多样性指数变化如下 :物种丰富度指数 ,春季 >秋季 >冬季 >夏季 ;物种多样性指数 ,秋季 >夏季 >春季>冬季 ;均匀度指数 ,春季 >夏季 >冬季 >秋季     

南沙群岛渚碧礁春季浮游动物群落特征

根据2002年5月的调查资料,对南沙群岛渚碧礁浮游动物的群落结构、平面分布、垂直分布和昼夜变化等进行了研究分析。浮游动物鉴定有72种,其中挠足类种数最多,其次是浮游幼虫、毛颚类。浮游动物种类中多数是终生浮游生物,少数是阶段性浮游生物,个别是暂时性浮游生物。渚碧礁浮游动物群落的热带特征非常显著,多数种类属于热带外海生态类群,少数属于暖水沿岸生态类群。优势种相当突出,其中奥氏胸刺水蚤Centropagesorsinii占主导地位。渚碧礁浮游动物平均密度达840个·m-3,礁坪区与湖内的浮游动物数量分布差异很大,湖为礁坪的7倍多,两者的优势种也有明显差异。浮游动物垂直分布不均匀,主要密集于5—10m水层,因种类不同其垂直分布也有差异。礁坪的浮游动物种类和数量昼夜变化显著,均呈白天减少、夜晚增加。浮游动物的数量分布与环境因子和浮游动物生态习性有关。