二维各向同性介质P波和S波分离方法研究

通过对波场矢量计算散度与旋度可将P波和S波进行分离,这种方法是波场传播与计算散度和旋度进行波场分离两部分的结合.基于二维各向同性介质速度模型,首先使用弹性波动方程对速度模型进行波场传播模拟;然后在地表接收多分量记录的同时计算散度代表P波、计算旋度代表S波,由于计算散度和旋度包括对空间各分量求导,这就导致了π/2的相位移,使用Fourier变换在频率域对记录进行-π/2的相位校正,就分别获得P波和S波的波场记录.通过对二维模型试算,并分析结果可知,采用计算散度和旋度进行波场分离是一种有效的方法.     

地下水模型的Neumann展开Monte-Carlo随机有限元法

讨论了求解地下水模型(水流模型和水质模型)的Neumann展开Monte-Carlo随机有限元法。从基本的随机变量入手,避免了过程中随机变量的增多问题,给出结点水头(浓度)的均值、方差和水头在某区间的概率计算方法;改进了矩阵求逆的效率,对输入随机变量较多、随机变量变异较大的非稳定地下水问题特别有效。同时选取二维承压地下水水流问题(有解析解)作为例子,进行了随机数值模拟实验。      

VTI介质中井间地震三分量数据的波场特征

用波动方程的有限差分数值解法,模拟了井间地震观测到的VTI介质中传播的波场,合成井间地震共炮点的三分量记录,对比识别了野外实际井间地震三分量观测记录上的快纵波、慢纵波、快横波和慢横波,分析了各类波的传播速度和偏振特性,为井间地震数据的波场分离、不同类型波场的成像以及纵横波和快慢波的联合解释提供依据。      

对多分量地震资料P-和SV-波场分解

在多分量地震勘探资料中,水平和垂直分量都记录有P波和SV波。本文研究了P波和SV波波场分解的方法。当上行P波和S波分别入射时,通过研究它们引起的水平和垂直位移,把地震记录的水平和垂直分量进行分解,得到纵波和转换波;在已知海底介质中纵横波速度和介质密度的情况下,可以在τ-P域内实现波场分解,然后变换到时间域,得到时间域内的纵波和转换波剖面。把本文研究的波场分解方法应用于合成资料,能够有效地分解得到纵波波场和转换波波场。最后,海上多分量实际资料的实例应用表明,本文研究的波场分解方法是可行有效的。本方法也适用于自由表面的资料。     

Buoyancy and The Sensible Heat Flux Budget Within Dense Canopies

In contrast to atmospheric surface-layer (ASL) turbulence, a linear relationship between turbulent heat fluxes (F_T) and vertical gradients of mean air temperature within canopies is frustrated by numerous factors, including local variation in heat sources and sinks and large-scale eddy motion whose signature is often linked with the ejection-sweep cycle. Furthermore, how atmospheric stability modifies such a relationship remains poorly understood, especially in stable canopy flows. To date, no explicit model exists for relating F_T to the mean air temperature gradient, buoyancy, and the statistical properties of the ejection-sweep cycle within the canopy volume. Using third-order cumulant expansion methods (CEM) and the heat flux budget equation, a “diagnostic” analytical relationship that links ejections and sweeps and the sensible heat flux for a wide range of atmospheric stability classes is derived. Closure model assumptions that relate scalar dissipation rates with sensible heat flux, and the validity of CEM in linking ejections and sweeps with the triple scalar-velocity correlations, were tested for a mixed hardwood forest in Lavarone, Italy. We showed that when the heat sources (S_T) and F_T have the same sign (i.e. the canopy is heating and sensible heat flux is positive), sweeps dominate the sensible heat flux. Conversely, if S_T and F_T are opposite in sign, standard gradient-diffusion closure model predict that ejections must dominate the sensible heat flux.     

基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法

在频率波数域和频率空间域实现了一种基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法，并在2-D空间进行了Marmousi模型炮集数据的处理.通过与Split-StepFourier、Phase-Screen和稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移等方法比较，认为基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法不仅在效果上要优于前三者，而且还能更好地处理速度横向变化.在散射波场计算中，使用了一个更稳定的散射波场计算公式，扩大了拟线性Born近似的应用范围，使基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法能够适应更强的横向速度变化.     

Wave characteristics past a flexible fishnet

The scattering of surface waves by a flexible fishnet is studied analytically. The fishnet is modelled as a porous flexible barrier displaced solely by hydrodynamic force like a catenary. The objective is to investigate how a flexible permeable barrier affects the passing waves in the way they are transmitted and reflected, as observed by the fact that the water inside a fishfarm surrounded by fishnets is significantly calmer than that outside. The boundary value problems are solved by defining the reflection coefficient in terms of velocity potential and then the full solutions are obtained by suitable application of the eigenfunction expansion method and the least squares approximation method. The variations of the reflection coefficient, hydrodynamic pressure, barrier deformation and surface wave elevation are determined with respect to the barrier length, porosity and stiffness. It is observed that as the fishnet gets more flexible, its deformation increases and the reflection coefficient decreases, whereas as the fishnet gets more porous, more water can pass through it and thus the reflection coefficient, barrier deformation and the hydrodynamic force are reduced. The flexibility of the barrier behaves like its porosity by allowing more wave energy to act on it through its deformation and hence reduce the reflection and hydrodynamic force of the incident waves acting on the barrier.     

A closed form analytical solution for two‐dimensional plane strain consolidation of unsaturated soil stratum

This paper discusses the excess pore‐air and pore‐water pressure dissipations and the average degree of consolidation in the 2D plane strain consolidation of an unsaturated soil stratum using eigenfunction expansion and Laplace transformation techniques. In this study, the application of a constant external loading on a soil surface is assumed to immediately generate uniformly or linearly distributed initial excess pore pressures. The general solutions consisting of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are first proposed. The Laplace transform is then applied to convert the time variable t in partial differential equations into the Laplace complex argument s. Once the domain is obtained, a simplified set of equations with variable s can be achieved. The final analytical solutions can be computed by taking a Laplace inverse. The proposed equations predict the two‐dimensional consolidation behaviour of an unsaturated soil stratum capturing the uniformly and linearly distributed initial excess pore pressures. This study investigates the effects of isotropic and anisotropic permeability conditions on variations of excess pore pressures and the average degree of consolidation. Additionally, isochrones of excess pore pressures along vertical and horizontal directions are presented. It is found that the initial distribution of pore pressures, varying with depth, results in considerable effects on the pore‐water pressure dissipation rate whilst it has insignificant effects on the excess pore‐air pressure dissipation rate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.