东南亚华人族群融入移入国主流社会的比较研究——以印尼与泰国作对比分析

东南亚是海外华人华侨社会历史最悠久、人口最多、经济角色十分突出的地区。总体上,华人华侨与所在国原住民和睦相处,已逐步融入主流社会,为当地社会进步做出了贡献。但由于各国历史发展不同,华人与所在国原住民融合程度大不相同。本文以印尼与泰国相比较,探讨华人与原住民融合状况,并从政治经济和社会文化因素等方面对造成悬殊差别的原因进行了分析     

Panta Rhei 2013–2015: global perspectives on hydrology,society and change

ABSTRACT

In 2013, the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) launched the hydrological decade 2013–2022 with the theme “Panta Rhei: Change in Hydrology and Society”. The decade recognizes the urgency of hydrological research to understand and predict the interactions of society and water, to support sustainable water resource use under changing climatic and environmental conditions. This paper reports on the first Panta Rhei biennium 2013–2015, providing a comprehensive resource that describes the scope and direction of Panta Rhei. We bring together the knowledge of all the Panta Rhei working groups, to summarize the most pressing research questions and how the hydrological community is progressing towards those goals. We draw out interconnections between different strands of research, and reflect on the need to take a global view on hydrology in the current era of human impacts and environmental change. Finally, we look back to the six driving science questions identified at the outset of Panta Rhei, to quantify progress towards those aims.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor not assigned     

(ANTI)SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE PRODUCTION OF AN (UN)CIVIL SOCIETY IN PAKISTAN*

ABSTRACT. Pakistan is home to some of the most widely admired examples of civil‐society‐based service‐delivery and advocacy groups. Pakistan has also spawned some much‐maligned nongovernmental actors with violent agendas. This article uses the social capital / civil society conceptual lens to view the modes of (anti)social capital mobilization that contribute to the civil and uncivil spaces of Pakistani society. The case examples of Jamaat‐e‐Islami, an Islamic revivalist organization, and the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan are used to understand the geography of social and antisocial forces in Pakistan. It is argued that the processes that mobilize social capital‐whether positive or perverse‐are multiscalar and that, in the Pakistani context, no compelling cultural or religious reason exists for the ascendance of one type of social capital over the other. Positive social capital can be mobilized to contribute to a more civil social discourse in Pakistan, given the right policy choices.     

Confronted by Insurmountable Opportunities: Geography in Society at the AAG's Centennial*

Geographers at the AAG's centennial are challenged with exceptional opportunities to create a more central place for geography in society and in the university. Realizing these opportunities requires identifying and leveraging key emerging trends in the formation and uses of geographic knowledge. Better integration of geography's profound technological innovations with its core traditions also is necessary to strengthen the discipline's research capacity, and to more effectively engage with and contribute to the needs of society. Trends toward multidisciplinary research and integrative science, and the heightened need for geographic understanding in today's world, hold further promise for advancing the discipline while sustaining its historic strengths and diversity.     

跨边界含水层问题研究

跨边界含水层作为地下水资源系统的一部分，涉及国家或地区之间的利益关系。文章分析了跨边界含水层问题，针对亚洲东部、中部和南部地下水系统，圈定了具有重要意义的跨国界含水层9处。对这些含水层，特别是我国边界上的黑龙江一阿穆尔河平原和伊犁河谷含水层进行了评价；对我国跨省界含水层进行了初步分析。研究跨边界含水层问题，对管理国家或地区之间共有的珍贵地下水资源，建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐社会具有重要的意义。     

西北干旱区发展节水灌溉农业的意义与前景

本文通过分析西北干旱区发展农业的优势和潜力。阐述了发展以节水灌溉为中心的高效农业的意义和任意，并指出了节水灌溉农业的前景所在。     

喷灌条件下冬小麦田间水分运移数学模拟及灌溉模式的研究

为探讨节水高产喷灌模式,用数学模拟和田间试验相结合方法,研究了冬小麦在喷灌条件下田间水分运移规律。数学模拟结果与田间实测土壤含水率吻合良好。在此基础上模拟计算出不同喷灌定额下,消耗于作物蒸腾、表土蒸发和深层渗漏的水量,结果表明40～60mm喷灌定额下的农田水分无效消耗(表土蒸发+深层渗漏)最小,从而得出节水高产的冬小麦喷灌灌溉模式。经田间试验对比,获得相同产量条件下,本文提出的模式比现行喷灌模式节约灌溉水45%。     

气象测报灌溉管理技术

节水灌溉是干旱、半干旱和半湿润地区发展农业生产提高粮食产量的重要措施，经济有效的灌溉管理技术可超到既节水又增产的作用。本项技术是在总结国内外研究成果的基础上，把水分-土壤-作物-大气作为一个整体，利用物质能量守衡原理建立水量平衡方程。依据测定土壤的物理参数（土壤容重、田间持水量、凋萎系数、初如土壤含水量），再结合气象预报的温度、降雨资料，用先进的计算方法，获得灌溉时间和灌溉定额，从而确定合理的灌溉制度。应用实践表明此项技术具有很好的增产和节水作用。     

试论人为矿床开发利用

本文介绍了人为矿床的概念和研究概况,论述了人为矿床的分类、特征及开发利用的意义、优势、工作重点和难点。文章指出:人为矿床就是人类活动所产生的可以进行规模化利用而现在仍被视为“废弃物”的各种物质;人为矿床大多具有污染源和资源的双重属性,开发利用人为矿床是治理环境污染的釜底抽薪之法,开发利用人为矿床可以收到经济和环保的双重效益;人为矿床具有活动性和增生性,是真正“取之不尽用之不竭”的矿床,开发利用人为矿床,是发展循环经济的重要途径;人为矿床的分布与人类活动区域相关、赋存状态迥异于自然矿床、物质成分十分复杂;人为矿床具有可人为控制的特性;开发利用人为矿床,需要进行广泛的社会动员。     

中国政府的社会教育——中国气象局培训中心案例研究

社会教育作为与家庭教育和学校教育并列的三大教育体系之一,越来越受到人们的重视。文章研究了中国社会教育的历程和目前状况。重点研究了气象领域的科技教育和社会教育,以气象领域唯一国家级社会教育机构—中国气象局培训中心为案例,总结了我国气象社会教育特点。