供水管网地理信息系统中爆管分析的算法研究

爆管关阀分析是供水管网地理信息系统中重要的空间分析功能之一,目前已建系统的爆管分析功能存在着算法繁琐或功能简单、不具通用性等缺点。本文以高质量的源数据为基础,根据系统和爆管分析的需求建立合理的数据模型,设计了爆管关阀分析算法,该算法克服现有算法的不足,剔除了可关可不关的阀门,得到正确、经济的关阀门方案,并列出了受影响的用户。将此设计方案应用于"新疆石油管理局供水地理信息系统"中,成功地实现了爆管分析,体现出了该算法简洁、高效、准确、通用的优越性。     

Correcting superconducting gravity time-series using rainfall modelling at the Vienna and Membach stations and application to Earth tide analysis

We demonstrate the possibility to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of superconducting gravity time-series by correcting for local hydrological effects. Short-term atmospheric events associated with heavy rain induce step-like gravity signals that deteriorate the frequency spectrum estimates. Based on 4D modeling constrained by high temporal resolution rain gauge data, rainfall admittances for the Vienna and Membach superconducting gravity stations are calculated. This allows routine correction for Newtonian rain water effects, which reduces the standard deviation of residuals after tidal parameter adjustment by 10%. It also improves the correction of steps of instrumental origin when they coincide with step-like water mass signals.     

Imaging spectroscopy in soil-water based site suitability assessment for artificial regeneration to Scots pine

In a humid northern boreal climate, the success rate of artificial regeneration to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) can be improved by including a soil water content (SWC) based assessment of site suitability in the reforestation planning process. This paper introduces an application of airborne visible-near-infrared imaging spectroscopic data to identify suitable subregions of forest compartments for the low SWC-tolerant Scots pine. The spatial patterns of understorey plant species communities, recorded by the AISA (Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications) sensor, were demonstrated to be dependant on the underlying SWC. According to the nonmetric multidimensional scaling and correlation results twelve understorey species were found to be most abundant on sites with high soil SWCs. The abundance of bare soil, rocks and abundance of more than ten species indicated low soil SWCs. The spatial patterns of understorey are attributed to time-stability of the underlying SWC patterns. A supervised artificial neural network (radial basis functional link network, probabilistic neural network) approach was taken to classify AISA imaging spectrometer data with dielectric (as a measure volumetric SWC) ground referencing into regimes suitable and unsuitable for Scots pine. The accuracy assessment with receiver operating characteristics curves demonstrated a maximum of 74.1% area under the curve values which indicated moderate success of the NN modelling. The results signified the importance of the training set’s quality, adequate quantity (>2.43 points/ha) and NN algorithm selection over the NN algorithm training parameter optimization to perfection. This methodology for the analysis of site suitability of Scots pine can be recommended, especially when artificial regeneration of former mixed wood Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) - downy birch (Betula pubenscens Ehrh.) stands is being considered, so that artificially regenerated areas to Scots pine can be optimized for forestry purposes.     

积水沉陷区水体的表观光学特性参数测量与分析

通过实际测量试验区的积水沉陷区水深值,了解水体光学特性随水深不同而引起的衰减特征变化,建立水深与光谱特性响应间的关系表达式,确定获取水深信息的最佳波谱范围;揭示了叶绿素、悬浮物质、CDOM等水体组分与水体光谱特征变化的关系,探讨因水体各主要组分变化而引起的水体光谱吸收光谱、散射光谱的变化规律.     

用神舟三号中分辨率成像光谱仪数据反演大气水汽

2002年3月中国神舟三号飞船发射成功，所携带的中分辨率成像光谱仪获取了一批940nm波段的遥感数据。本文用其中的部分资料做了反演水汽的试验，给出一些结果和分析。     

鄱阳湖富营养化高光谱遥感监测模型初探

基于对光谱反射率与水质参数的相关分析,分别选取特征波长建立水质参数高光谱估测模型。结合修正营养状态指数,对湖泊的富营养化程度进行了监测和评价。结果表明:①总氮、总磷含量和透明度值的高光谱估测模型效果较理想;②单项指数评价水体富营养化水平其结果存在较大差异,综合考虑多个指标,计算营养指数的平均值,可以对富营养化程度进行正确的评价;③由于悬浮物浓度变化较大,掩盖了水体的叶绿素a信息,以致叶绿素a估测模型不具有通用性,为了完善叶绿素a浓度估测模型需要获得大范围、多季节的光谱数据,以便建立更有代表性和通用性的模型;④评价结果显示,鄱阳湖呈现轻度到中度富营养化状态,需要采取有力的保护措施防止进一步恶化。     

Impact of missing flow on active inundation areas and transformation of parafluvial wetlands in Punarbhaba–Tangon river basin of Indo-Bangladesh

Punarbhaba river of Indo-Bangladesh has experienced hydro-ecological alteration after installation of Komardanga dam in 1992 and consequently wetland and inundation areas have undergone into transformation. The present work intends to explore the impact of flow attenuation on contemporary and upcoming flood extent and flood plain wetlands. In post-dam condition, average and maximum flows are attenuated by 36 and 41%, respectively, and as a result the active flood prone area is squeezed considerably by 39.72%. Average flood water depth is also reduced by 37.87% (4.45metre) after flow modification. Due to shrinkages of flood prone areas, wetland area is also reduced from 215.70 to 90.40 km² and larger part of the present wetland area is under stress and critical state. Predicted flood prone areas in next 25 years will be 328.91 km² and consequently 65.63 km² wetland areas may further be under hydro-ecological threats. Release of ecological flow is essential to restore and preserve the wetland.     

A literature synthesis of LiDAR applications in transportation: feature extraction and geometric assessments of highways

Interest in using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology in Transportation Engineering has grown over the past decade. The high accuracy of LiDAR datasets and the efficiency by which they can be collected has led many transportation agencies to consider mobile LiDAR as an alternative to conventional tools when surveying roadway infrastructure. Nonetheless, extracting semantic information from LiDAR datasets can be extremely challenging. Although extracting roadway features from LiDAR has been considered in previous research, the extraction of some features has received more attention than others. In fact, for some roadway design elements, attempts to extract those elements from LiDAR have been extremely scarce. To document the research that has been done in this area, this paper conducts a thorough review of existing studies while also highlighting areas where more research is required. Unlike previous research, this paper includes a thorough review of the previous attempts at data extraction from LiDAR while summarizing the detailed steps of the extraction procedure proposed in each study. Moreover, the paper also identifies common tools and techniques used to extract information from LiDAR for transportation applications. The paper also highlights common limitations in existing algorithms that could be improved in future research. This paper represents a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in knowing the current state of research on the applications of LiDAR in the field of Transportation Engineering while also understanding the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.     

基于LiDAR数据和航空影像的水体自动提取

提出将LiDAR数据对水体的敏感性与航空影像的高分辨率特征相结合的水体自动提取方法。利用SIFT算法对LiDAR强度图像和航空影像进行配准,在LiDAR高程图像上提取无回波信号的黑色区域,构建几何约束条件,排除由遮挡产生的无效区域;将水体初始位置映射到航空影像上,结合边缘信息进行区域生长,并对生长区域进行数学形态学运算,最终获取水体区域。实验结果表明,该方法可以获得很好的水体提取效果。