磷石膏物理力学特性初探

通过大量的室内试验,研究了磷石膏的烘烤温度与含水率的关系、烘烤时间与含水率关系、溶解度与温度关系。按土工试验规范进行试验,测得磷石膏的含水率随着烘烤温度的升高而增加,也随着烘烤时间的增长而增加,但是含水率应该是一个恒定的指标,所以磷石膏的含水率的测定不能按照现行规范进行,必须加以改进。建议在55～60℃条件下烘烤36 h或更长时间来测定磷石膏的含水率。从试验还可以得知磷石膏有一定的溶解度,且其溶解度随着温度的升高而降低。也正是由于磷石膏的溶解特性,所以在进行渗透试验和三轴剪切试验时要使用室温条件下的饱和磷石膏溶液替代水,从渗透试验结果来看,磷石膏坝渗透特性不同于一般的尾矿坝,其垂直渗透系数要大于水平渗透系数。从磷石膏的固结不排水三轴剪切试验可知,磷石膏是一种有明显的剪胀性的材料,在剪切条件下其破坏发生在孔隙水压力为负的情况下,且其破坏时的应变受围压的影响不明显。利用磷石膏的剪切破坏发生在负孔压的这一特性,理论上可以通过坝体内孔压变化的监测来预测磷石膏坝的安全性。     

基于人工神经网络的区域地质灾害危险性预测评价

地质灾害危险性预测评价的准确性,主要取决于基础资料的可靠性和数学模型的合理性。论文结合工程实例,尝试用人工神经网络方法(改进的神经网络BP模型)对区域地质灾害危险性预测进行评价研究。然后与目前常用的方法(如层次分析法、信息量法和模糊综合评判法等)所得出的结果相比较。结果表明,运用人工神经网络方法对区域地质灾害危险性预测评价相对常用方法更准确、可靠,具有一定的实用意义及推广价值。     

陕北煤炭基地的矿井水资源及利用

简要论述了陕北地区煤矿开发的水文地质条件,对矿井水资源量、水质及利用途径进行了阐述.该区大型煤矿每天排水1 500～3 000 m3,中型煤矿也有500 m3左右,小煤矿每天排水30～100 m3,利用好矿井疏干水,不仅可以解决能源化工基地建设的用水需求,而且符合国家产业政策和环境保护的要求,是陕北能源化工基地建设的必然选择.     

蔚县地热地质特征及地热资源开发利用

河 北 省 蔚 县地 热 属 断 陷沉 积 盆 地 传导 型 中 低 温地 热 资 源 ,具 备 了 盖 层 、热 储 、热 源 以 及 传 热 通 道 等 地 热 系 统的 重要 条 件。 经勘 探 证实 ,该 区地 下 热水 微量 元 素锶 与偏 硅 酸含 量两 项 有益 微量 元 素含 量指 标 均达 到 了国 家 饮 用 天然 矿泉 水 标准 中的 相 关指 标,且水 资 源丰 富、埋藏 浅,有利 于 开发 利用 。     

Health risk assessment for typical and abandoned chromium-contaminated sites

Chromium pollution were investigated by sampling the abandoned chromium contaminated sites in Chongqing. Its health risk was assessed following the procedures made by USEPA. The results showed that the most seriously polluted land was found at the former production area （G4） with average Cr（VI） concentration of 3369.2 mg kg-1 on the surface soil. The assessment indicated that there was high risk of non-carcinogens for children. The assessed risk of the first layer of office area （G1） for children, chromium slag transition （G2）, drainage pipeline chromium slag transition （G3） and production area （G4） for both children and adults were not acceptable （〉1.00× 106）. It was strongly suggested that the accessible measures of remediation should be taken for a portion of contaminated sites before the reuse of abandoned lands.     

固体颗粒表面吸附水层厚度实验研究

以玻璃微珠为对象,探索堆积固体颗粒表面吸附水层厚度随驱动压力梯度的变化规律。结果表明：完全浸润的堆积固体颗粒之间存在3种不同性质的水,因其受表面作用力的大小不同,可用离心法加以区分。随着离心力的增加,依次驱替出自由水、毛管水和吸附水层水。结合重量分析,用离心法可得到不同驱动压力梯度下的吸附水量及吸附水层厚度。吸附水层厚度是水动力学条件的函数,其随驱动压力梯度的变化规律为解释多孔介质中水相的渗流特性提供依据。     

Under stress permeability determination of the Meuse/Haute-Marne mudstone

In the underground waste isolation projects such as the ANDRA'one in the site of Bure, the transport properties of the surrounding rock mass is of fundamental importance. To measure very low permeability, we use the modified version of the pulse test proposed by Hsieh et al. [Hsieh, P.A., Tracy, J.V., Neuzil, C.E., Bredehoeft, J.D., Silliman, S.E., 1981. A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of ‘tight’ rocks — I. Theory. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 18, pp. 245-252] which enables the intrinsic permeability, k, and the specific storage coefficient, S_s, of rocks such as mudstone to be characterized. In this paper, the special effort performed on the laboratory apparatus design, to ensure a good sensitivity of the rock response with respect to both parameters, k and S_s, is presented. In addition, two parameters identification procedures are proposed: the graphical method given by Hsieh et al. [Hsieh, P.A., Tracy, J.V., Neuzil, C.E., Bredehoeft, J.D., Silliman, S.E., 1981. A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of ‘tight’ rocks — I. Theory. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 18, pp. 245-252] and a parameter identification based on the solution of an inverse problem. The efficiency of the apparatus design and the parameters identification procedures is then demonstrated though some pulse tests performed on the Meuse/Haute-Marne mudstone.     

Water soluble components of PM10 Chongqing, China

The concentrations of water soluble ions (Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^-, Cl^-, and SO ₄ ^2- ) in PM₁₀ samples collected on cellulose filters by a medium-volume cascade impactor were determined, which were obtained from three kinds of areas in Chongqing: industrial area (Jiulongpo district), commercial and residential area (Jiangbei district) and background area (Jinyun Mountain in the Beibei district). The results showed that except for the background site, the annual average values of PM₁₀ are 23% – 61% higher than the national air quality standard (GradeII) (0.1 mg/m³), even that the value of the control site is still 20% higher than American standard (0.05 mg/m³). This implied that serious pollution of fine particles occurred in Chongqing. Nine kinds of soluble ions in water of PM₁₀ were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and the annual average concentrations follow the order of [SO ₄ ^2- ] > [NO³ _-] > [Cl^-] > [F^-], and [Ca²⁺] > [NH₄ ⁺] > [K⁺] > [Na⁺] > [Mg²⁺]. Their values were different in these areas: the industrial area > the commercial and living area > the control area. As for NH_{4 +}, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^- and SO ₄ ^2- , their seasonal average concentrations show a similar variation trend: the values in spring and fall were higher than those in summer and winter. The seasonal average concentrations of [Cl^-], [F^-], [Na⁺] and [Mg²⁺] are much lower than those of other ions. However, the concentrations of [Na⁺] changed more greatly in different seasons than those of the other three ions. Correlation coefficients showed that the three areas have been polluted by coal smoke and dust to different extents, while some local resources of pollution should be taken into consideration as well.     

Stress induced time dependent behavior of clayey soils

It is shown that time compression curve obtained from one-dimensional consolidation curve in the laboratory may include six phases. These are initial compression, first primary compression, transition from first primary compression to second primary compression, second primary compression, and transition from second primary compression to creep and lastly creep. This paper attempts to identify the quantitative beginnings and characteristics of these phases. A mathematical characteristic of all the soils that follow primary consolidation as per Terzaghi’s one dimensional consolidation theory is derived. It is known as the constant of primary consolidation. It is used to study the beginning of secondary consolidation and its effects on primary consolidation. Another characteristic of soils for creep and total absence of primary compression is derived. Methods are suggested for the determination of coefficients of Primary and Secondary consolidations and the compression index.