陆丰南地区断拗转换界面厘定及其地质意义

珠江口盆地经历裂陷阶段向拗陷阶段的转变，同期沉积地层记录了该构造变革和沉积演化过程，为厘定断拗转换界面提供了可能。基于地震反射、沉积旋回特征，识别出陆丰南地区恩平组内部存在全区可追踪对比的构造沉积转换面——T72界面，也是区分上下恩平组界面。对陆丰13洼洼间隆钻井LFA开展上下恩平组碎屑锆石U- Pb 定年、重矿物组分、元素分析，提出恩平组T72界面上下地层物源体系发生转变。结合区域沉积充填特征，表明陆丰南地区T72界面为断- 拗转换界面。具体表现为：下恩平组沉积期湖盆继承文昌期裂陷盆地特征，湖盆水体较深，物源主要为盆地内部的中生代基底凸起，沉积层序明显受盆内低凸起控制，在盆内低凸起四周发育一系列近源的辫状河三角洲，井区主要接受来自惠陆低凸起物源;上恩平组沉积期间，湖盆进入断拗过渡期，湖盆扩大、水体变浅，盆内低凸起四周的断裂活动减弱，沉积层序逐渐向盆内低凸起超覆，盆外太古宙—古生代物源组分供给不断加强，近源的三角洲砂体逐渐向远源的浅水三角洲砂体转化，同时发育宽广的滨浅湖环境，原供给物源的惠陆低凸起为水体淹没，井区接受了北部隆起外的物源。     

晚第四纪柴达木盆地盐湖成盐期与冰期对比方案的再认识

文章以柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图、昆特依和一里坪盐湖共计6个中更新统—全新统含盐地层剖面为研究对象,通过铀系测年和光释光测年测定其成盐年代,利用X射线衍射分析测定其盐类矿物种类.察汗斯拉图D19剖面芒硝和石盐层的铀系年代为(231.5±19.5)～(239.5±40.4)ka BP,对应于深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)7早期;昆...     

湖北新春花岗岩类锆石SHRIMP年龄:大别山造山带内弱变质—未变质晋宁期花岗岩类的发现

蕲春花岗质杂岩体包括斑状二长花岗岩和花岗岩两部分,它们之间在化学性质上存在着很大的差异,前者表现为高Al_2O_3(15.73％)、相对高CaO(2.46％)、Na_2O含量明显高于K_2O(Na_2O/K_2O=1.27),尤以强烈亏损重稀土元素和极强的轻、重稀土元素分馏程度[(La/Yb)_N=46.8]为特征而类似于太古宙高Al_2O_3的TTG岩石。而后者则以较低的Al_2O_3含量(14.05％)、贫CaO(0.82％)、K_2O含量明显高于Na_2O(Na_2O/K_2O=0.81)为特征,轻、重稀土元素的分馏程度[(La/Yb)_N=10.89]也较片麻状二长花岗岩中弱得多。两类岩石中锆石的U-PbSHRIMP年龄分别为824.6±17.6 Ma和784±20 Ma,该时代与大别山造山带内花岗片麻岩的原岩形成年龄类似。大别山造山带内弱变质-未变质晋宁期花岗岩的出现表明扬子板块印支期向北俯冲时,该花岗质杂岩处于俯冲板片的后缘,可代表造山带内扬子基底的原地露头。而岩体周围的高压变质杂岩应是折返上来的无根构造岩片,大别山造山带内高压-超高压变质杂岩的出露不是整体性抬升剥蚀的结果。     

祁连山疏勒河上游多年冻土区高寒草甸土壤CO2通量特征

研究青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸土壤CO₂通量有助于准确估算该区域的土壤CO₂排放, 对认识高原土壤碳循环及其对全球气候变化的响应具有重要意义. 利用静态箱-气相色谱法和LI-8100土壤CO₂通量自动测量系统对疏勒河上游多年冻土区高寒草甸土壤CO₂通量进行了定期观测, 结合气象和土壤环境因子进行了分析. 结果表明: 整个观测期高寒草甸土壤表现为CO₂的源, 土壤CO₂通量的日变化范围为2.52～532.81 mg·m^-2·h^-1. 土壤CO₂年排放总量为1 429.88 g·m^-2, 年均通量为163.23 mg·m^-2·h^-1; 其中, CO₂通量与空气温度和相对湿度、活动层表层2 cm、10 cm、20 cm、30 cm 土壤温度、含水量和盐分均显著相关. 2 cm土壤温度、空气温度和总辐射、空气温度、2 cm土壤盐分分别是影响活动层表层2 cm土壤完全融化期、冻结过程期、完全冻结期、融化过程期土壤CO₂通量的最重要因子. 在完全融化期、冻结过程期和整个观测期, 拟合最佳的温度因子变化分别能够解释土壤CO₂通量变化的72.0%、82.0%和38.0%, 对应的Q₁₀值分别为1.93、6.62和2.09. 冻融期(含融化过程期和冻结过程期)和完全冻结期的土壤CO₂排放量分别占年排放总量的15.35%和11.04%, 在年排放总量估算中不容忽视.     

Differential modulation of eastern oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica</Emphasis>) disease parasites by the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is affected by two protozoan parasites, Perkinsus marinus which causes Dermo disease and Haplosporidium nelsoni which causes MSX (Multinucleated Sphere Unknown) disease. Both diseases are largely controlled by water temperature and salinity and thus are potentially sensitive to climate variations resulting from the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which influences climate along the Gulf of Mexico coast, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which influences climate along the Atlantic coast of the United States. In this study, a 10-year time series of temperature and salinity and P. marinus infection intensity for a site in Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico coast and a 52-year time series of air temperature and freshwater inflow and oyster mortality from Delaware Bay on the Atlantic coast of the United States were analyzed to determine patterns in disease and disease-induced mortality in C. virginica populations that resulted from ENSO and NAO climate variations. Wavelet analysis was used to decompose the environmental, disease infection intensity and oyster mortality time series into a time–frequency space to determine the dominant modes of variability and the time variability of the modes. For the Louisiana site, salinity and Dermo disease infection intensity are correlated at a periodicity of 4 years, which corresponds to ENSO. The influence of ENSO on Dermo disease along the Gulf of Mexico is through its effect on salinity, with high salinity, which occurs during the La Niña phase of ENSO at this location, favoring parasite proliferation. For the Delaware Bay site, the primary correlation was between temperature and oyster mortality, with a periodicity of 8 years, which corresponds to the NAO. Warmer temperatures, which occur during the positive phase of the NAO, favor the parasites causing increased oyster mortality. Thus, disease prevalence and intensity in C. virginica populations along the Gulf of Mexico coast is primarily regulated by salinity, whereas temperature regulates the disease process along the United States east coast. These results show that the response of an organism to climate variability in a region is not indicative of the response that will occur over the entire range of a particular species. This has important implications for management of marine resources, especially those that are commercially harvested.     

张掖市农耕期热量资源变化特征及对农业生产的影响

利用张掖市6个气象观测站1961-2010年实测气温资料,运用5 d滑动平均、气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,对农耕期初日、终日、持续日数及≥0℃积温的分布特征、年际和年代际演变规律及突变特点进行分析,结果表明:张掖市农耕期初日随海拔高度的升高推迟,终日则相反,农耕期日数自西北部向东南缩短,积温南北差异显著;近50 a初日提早,终日推迟,持续日数延长,积温增加趋势明显;20世纪70-80年代前期各地表现出农耕期初日推迟,终日提前,持续日数较短,≥0℃积温偏少的特点;20世纪90年代以来,终日延迟程度大于初日提前程度,积温增加显著,尤其2001-2010年增幅为50 a最大;山前绿洲及荒漠绿洲农耕期终日、持续日数及积温分别在1995/1997年、1982/1990年、1996/1999年发生了突变;农耕期热量资源增加,对作物种植结构的调整、生育进程的加快及产量均产生一定影响.     

塔什库尔干地区赞坎铁矿矿物学特征与成因

赞坎铁矿石西昆仑成矿带近年来新发现的一处超大型铁矿床,矿区内广泛出露古元古代布伦阔勒变质岩层,矿体主要赋存于布伦阔勒岩群角闪斜长片岩和黑云石英片岩内部,部分产于霏细岩与黑云石英片岩接触带内。矿床由Ⅰ~Ⅶ号矿体组成,其中Ⅰ号和Ⅲ号矿体为主要矿体。根据矿石组构、矿物共生关系等特征,成矿过程可划分为早期沉积期、中期变质期及晚期岩浆热液期3个成矿期,其中,岩浆热液期可进一步划分为矽卡岩阶段、热液改造阶段和硫化物阶段。早期沉积期磁铁矿呈微细粒他形晶结构,被变质期石英颗粒包裹,以较低含量的TFeO、MgO、MnO和较高含量的TiO2、Al2O3为特征;中期变质期磁铁矿分布于条带状矿石内,他形晶粒状结构,与早期相比,TFeO、MgO、MnO等含量相对升高而TiO2、Al2O3等含量相对降低;晚期岩浆热液期矽卡岩阶段磁铁矿分布于块状矿石内,自形晶粒状结构,以相对富TFeO、MgO、MnO而贫TiO2、Al2O3为特征;晚期热液改造阶段磁铁矿分布于浸染状矿石中,半自形-自形粒状结构、交代残余结构为主,TFeO、Al2O3、TiO2、MnO等含量变化较大。认为赞坎铁矿是沉积变质型铁矿床,遭受后期岩浆热液作用交代改造。     

川中安平店-高石梯构造震旦系灯影组流体充注特征及油气成藏过程

川中地区震旦系灯影组储层时代老、埋藏深,经历了多期构造运动和成藏历史。岩芯观察和显微薄片观察结果表明,震旦系灯影组储层经历了六期流体充注,分别是第一世代沥青→第二世代白云石→第三世代粗晶-巨晶白云石→第四世代粗晶-巨晶白云石→第五世代沥青→第六世代方解石/石英,每期矿物中对应的流体包裹体特征记录了震旦系从早期形成的古油藏被破坏→古油气藏再形成→油裂解气和古气藏形成→水溶气形成→现今气藏形成的成藏事件和完整的成藏过程。第二世代-第四世代矿物形成于深埋过程中,是古油气藏形成期的产物,矿物的Sr、C、O稳定同位素表明向震旦系灯影组充注的流体主要是外源流体,具有从深部向浅部流动运移的特征;第六世代矿物所记录的水溶气的形成,也是震旦系最重要的成藏事件;现今的震旦系灯影组气藏主要是晚白垩世以来的构造隆升导致的水溶气脱溶聚集以及油气藏调整和改造的结果。     

长春南湖芦苇(Phragmites australis)茎、叶植硅体随生长期和生境的变化特征

对于不同生长期、不同湿度条件下芦苇(Phragmites australis)茎、叶中多种类型植硅体含量变化的探讨,能够为植硅体形成机理研究和探讨植硅体对气候变化的响应提供理论依据.选取长春市南湖为实验样点,于5—10月在3种不同生境(旱生、季节性水生和水生生境)采集芦苇样品,并分别统计芦苇茎、叶植硅体形态和数量.实验结果显示:首先,茎、叶植硅体组合特征存在明显差异,茎中帽型及个体较大的尖型等植硅体多于叶中,而叶中硅化气孔含量明显高于茎中.其次,随着植株的生长,芦苇茎中硅化气孔含量先增加后减少,鞍型植硅体含量变化较小而帽型植硅体含量先减少后增加,棒型植硅体含量逐渐增加、尖型植硅体含量先增加后减少;芦苇叶中硅化气孔含量持续增加,鞍型、帽型等短细胞植硅体含量下降,尖型、扇型等个体较大的植硅体含量逐渐增加.最后,不同植硅体类型的含量在3种生境中的变化情况较为复杂,茎中植硅体的数量变化没有明显规律,而芦苇叶中硅化气孔含量由旱生生境向水生生境逐渐增加,可见叶中硅化气孔含量的增加可以指示相对湿润的生境条件.总之,芦苇茎、叶内不同类型植硅体的数量对植株生长及不同湿度环境有不同程度的响应,对芦苇植硅体的研究也有助于理解湿生植物植硅体与环境因子的关系,进而为探讨植硅体对古环境、古气候的响应提供理论基础.     

中国历史时期气候变化影响及其应对的启示简

The social impact of global climate change is one of the hotspots in the current research. To deal with the challenges from climate change, it could be learned from the adapting experiences and lessons to climate change in the history. The main achievements of cognition on the historical impacts of climatic change in China and on coping with the climate changes in the future based the published papers in recent years is summarized. The followings are the main conclusions. ①The general characteristics of the impacts of climatic change in the history was negative in the cold periods and positive in the warm periods, but there were regional differences in the impact and responses. ②The cooling trend on centurial scale and the social economic decline run concurrently. The rapid development supported by better resources and environment in the warm period could lead to the increase of the social vulnerability when the climate turned to the cold period. ③Strategies and policies to cope with the climate change in the history were adopted according to the temporal and spatial circumstances and the subjects. Initiative adaptation promoted by governments was an effective way.