鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘中侏罗统延安组植物群与古气候分析

鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘中侏罗统延安组为一套以河流滨湖相沉积为主的中粒中细粒长石砂岩、粉砂岩(泥质粉砂岩)、黑色页岩、粘土岩夹煤层。其中产大量的植物化石,计20属39种。经分析认为,这个植物群是一个属于我国北方区以Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis为代表的中侏罗世早期植物群,植物群组合反映鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘中侏罗世为偏潮湿的暖温带气候。     

开垦对内蒙古温带草地土壤不同有机碳组分的影响(英文)

Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon (C), especially on the liable organic C fractions have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, the role of cropping in soil organic C pool of different fractions was investigated in a meadow steppe region in Inner Mongolia of China, and the relationships between different C fractions were also discussed. The results indicated that the concentrations of different C fractions at steppe and cultivated land all decreased progressively with soil depth. After the conversion from steppe to spring wheat field for 36 years, total organic carbon (TOC) concentration at the 0 to 100 cm soil depth has decreased by 12.3% to 28.2%, and TOC of the surface soil horizon, especially those of 0-30 cm decreased more significantly (p<0.01). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at the depth of 0-40 cm were found to have decreased by 66.7% to 77.1% and 36.5% to 42.4%, respectively. In the S.baicalensis steppe, the ratios of soil DOC to TOC varied between 0.52% and 0.60%, and those in the spring wheat field were only in the range of 0.18%-0.20%. The microbial quotients (qMBs) in the spring wheat field, varying from 1.11% to 1.40%, were also lower than those in the S. baicalensis steppe, which were in the range of 1.50%-1.63%. The change of DOC was much more sensitive to cultivation disturbance. Soil TOC, DOC, and MBC were significantly positive correlated with each other in the S. baicalensis steppe, but in the spring wheat field, the correlativity between DOC and TOC and that between DOC and MBC did not reach the significance level of 0.05.     

Changing Trends of Daily Temperature Extremes with Different Intensities in China

By comparing two sets of quality-controlled daily temperature observation data with and without the inhomogeneity test and adjustment from 654 stations in China during 1956-2004 and 1956-2010, impacts of inhomogeneity on changing trends of four percentile temperature extreme indices, including occurrences of cold days, cold nights, warm days, and warm nights with varying intensities, were discussed. It is found that the inhomogeneity affected the long-term trends averaged over extensive regions limitedly. In order to minimize the inhomogeneity impact, the 83 stations identified with obvious inhomogeneity impacts were removed, and an updated analysis of changing trends of the four temperature extreme indices with varying intensities during 1956-2010 was conducted. The results show that annual occurrences of both cold nights and cold days decreased greatly while those of warm nights and warm days increased significantly during the recent 20 years. The more extreme the event is, the greater the magnitude of changing trends for the temperature extreme index is. An obvious increasing trend was observed in annual occurrences of cold days and cold nights in the recent four years. The magnitude of changing trends of warm extreme indices was greater than that of cold extreme indices, and it was greater in northern China than in southern China. Trends for summer occurrence of cold days were not significant. Decreasing trends of occurrences of both cold nights and cold days were the greatest in December, January, and February (DJF) but the least in June, July, and August (JJA), while increasing trends of warm nights were the greatest in JJA. Cold nights significantly decreased from 1956 to 1990, and then the decreasing trend considerably weakened. The decreasing trend also showed an obvious slowdown in recent years for occurrence of cold days. However, increasing trends of warm nights and warm days both have been accelerated continuously since the recent decades. Further analysis presents that the evolution of the trends for occurrences of the four temperature extreme indices was dominated by the changes in northern China.     

近40年甘南草原生命地带偏移趋势及干湿变化

利用Holdridge生命地带系统对1971—2010年甘南草原的Holdridge生命地带偏移趋势及干湿变化进行分析,发现甘南草原目前仍属于青藏高原高寒植被地区的亚高山高寒草甸生命地带,但由于甘南草原生物温度明显升高,甘南草原南部和北部降水量呈现不同的变化趋势,位于青藏高原边坡地带的甘南草原的Holdridge生命地带距平均中心的偏移趋势逐年增大,甘南草原生态系统的稳定性在减弱;甘南草原潜在蒸散率以0.02/10 a~0.03/10 a趋势上升,其中以玛曲上升最明显,达0.03/10 a;20世纪90年代后,甘南草原呈明显的暖干化趋势,其中以位于南部的碌曲、玛曲变化最为明显,碌曲已由极湿润区转变为湿润区;玛曲有从极湿润区向湿润区过渡的趋势。影响甘南草原潜在蒸散率上升的主要气候因子是温度,其次为降水和空气湿度,温度上升是甘南草原暖干化的主要原因。     

2011年10月一次广西区域性暴雨特征分析

利用常规观测观测资料、每隔6小时一次的1°＊1°NCEP再分析资料以及相当黑体温度TBB对2011年10月6—7日预报偏差较大的广西区域性暴雨进行分析得出：副热带高压边缘的东南气流和台风“尼格”减弱后的后部偏南气流带来的暖湿空气和地面冷空气在桂中上空交汇,850hPa切变线和500hPa西风槽触发了暴雨的产生;比湿和假相当位温的分布显示了冷暖空气的对峙情况;TBB平均场的变化可以反映强降雨的落区和移动：水汽主要从东边界进人广西,少部分从南边界和北边界进入,来自于西北太平洋、孟加拉湾和东海洋面。     

The Freezing Precipitation over the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River during February-March 2009

In this paper, the authors analyze the quasistationary fronts, surface conditions, and atmospheric stratification processes associated with a freezing precipitation event over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the Dabie mountain during February-March 2009. The long duration of freezing precipitation was primarily caused by stationary and anomalous synoptic weather patterns, such as a blocking high pressure in the northern branch and a trough in the southern branch of the westerlies, which resulted in the encounter cold air from northern China and warm moisture from the south. The east-west-oriented, quasi-stationary front （or shear line） found in central China was mostly responsible for producing the precipitation. The warm layer and nearsurface frozen layer were located in the lower troposphere along the front zone. Although the warm layer （〉 0℃） existed along the whole front, a surface temperature less than 0℃ appeared only over the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the Dabie mountain. Therefore, the surface temperature was the main influencing factor, as the freezing precipitation only happened over the Dabie mountain.     

“低温雨雪冰冻”天气过程锋区特征分析

2008年年初低温雨雪冰冻期间(包括4次过程),冷暖气团长期对峙是"低温雨雪冰冻"天气持续的主要原因;准静止锋稳定、少动,锋面较平缓;等θse经向和垂直向梯度不断加强;冷暖气团形成的逆温很明显;主锋区前部上空存在多层锋区现象;锋区渐强,最强时在10个纬度内南北温差超过20℃;相对湿度≥90%的高湿度区的移动趋势、范围、垂直伸展高度均与4次过程吻合较好;锋生函数的分布与等θse密集区的分布一致,呈向北倾斜上升状,滇黔地区准静止锋区域内,多数时间段有锋生发生,华南地区上空静止少动的锋生中心,正是低温雨雪冰冻期间准静止锋长期稳定的原因之一;南北风交界线的移动趋势与低温雨雪冰冻过程趋势一致,4次过程都伴有偏南风低空急流;当副热带高空急流逐渐加强、水平风垂直切变加强并向下伸展时,低空急流加强;高位涡舌向下伸展,高纬度的高位涡舌与主锋区的中高层相对应,中纬度高位涡舌与副热带锋区对应;湿位涡斜压项PMV2量级较小,但其与,4次过程的对应关系非常好;锋区上界和下界等熵面上的气流能较好地反映准静止锋区上、下界特征;约290 K等熵面上(锋区下界以下)在贵州均为偏东气流,这是贵州及江南大部分地区长时间维持低层冷气团的主要原因.     

天津海岸基本功能划分初探

随着我国外向型经济战略深入实施,海洋资源及其区位优势成为了决定工业化进程的重要因素.重化工布局和人口进一步向沿海地区聚集成为经济发展必然趋势,而海岸地区是生态环境的脆弱区域,因此,必须通过确定海岸区域的基本功能,来引导海岸区域保护与开发活动,以实现经济、社会和生态效益最大化.以天津市为例,分析了海岸开发利用存在问题.在...     

Evidence for microbiological manganese oxidation in the river Tamar Estuary, South West England

Water samples from the Tamar Estuary oxidized manganese when supplemented with Mn²⁺ (2 mgl⁻¹). The rates of oxidation were depressed in the presence of various metabolic inhibitors. The effect of Mn²⁺ and temperature on the rate of manganese oxidation suggested that a biological process was largely responsible for converting Mn²⁺ to Mn⁴⁺. Rates of manganese oxidation were much higher in freshwater (3·32 μgl⁻¹ h⁻¹ in water containing 30 mgl⁻¹ of suspended matter) than in saline water (0·7 μgl⁻¹ h⁻¹ in water of salinity 32‰) containing the same amount of particulate matter. The rate of manganese oxidation was proportional to the particulate load (up to 100 mgl⁻¹ particulates).     

气候变化对全新世以来中国东部政治、经济和社会发展影响的初步研究

将社会科学(文史考古研究)与自然科学(气候变化)结合,分析了黄土高原社会经济发展较长江三角洲地区为早的原因,提出这可能是由于全新世大暖期的气候变化对不同地理区域产生不同的影响,最后并分析了中国历史上的3次移民潮的原因及其对长江三角洲社会经济发展的影响。