Seismic hazard assessment for derivation of earthquake scenarios in Risk-UE

The main features of the Risk-UE project approach to assessing the ground-shaking (and related hazards) distribution within urban areas are described, as a basis for developing seismic damage scenarios for European cities. Emphasis was placed in the project on adoption of homogeneous criteria in the quantitative treatment of seismicity and in constructing the ground-shaking scenarios, despite wide differences in amount and quality of data available for the cities involved. The initial steps of the approach include treatment of the regional seismotectonic setting and the geotechnical zonation of the urban area, while the hazard assessment itself takes the form of both a deterministic analysis, and of a probabilistic, constant-hazard spectra analysis. Systematic 1D site response analyses were used, mostly in the softer soil zones, to modify (when needed) the obtained ground motion maps. Earthquake induced hazard effects, such as liquefaction and landsliding, are also briefly dealt with at the end.     

地震安全性评价工程师资格考试大纲已审定通过

把美国西部地区作为参考区,采用我国地震动参数区划图工作时所使用的美国西部地区强震资料建立参考区水平向基岩短周期加速度反应谱衰减关系;采用美国南加州地区数字宽频带记录建立参考区水平向基岩长周期加速度反应谱衰减关系。与由丰富的等震线资料统计得出的我国东部地区和西部地区的地震烈度衰减关系一起,用转换方法分别得到了我国东部和西部地区水平向基岩加速度反应谱衰减关系。对该衰减关系在重大工程地震安全性评价工作中的应用提出了建议。     

Evaluation of the Urban Tile in MOSES using Surface Energy Balance Observations

The UK Met Office has introduced a new scheme for its urban tile in MOSES 2.2 (Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme version 2.2), which is currently implemented within the operational Met Office weather forecasting model. Here, the performance of the urban tile is evaluated in two urban areas: the historic core of downtown Mexico City and a light industrial site in Vancouver, Canada. The sites differ in terms of building structures and mean building heights. In both cases vegetation cover is less than 5%. The evaluation is based on surface energy balance flux measurements conducted at approximately the blending height, which is the location where the surface scheme passes flux data into the atmospheric model. At both sites, MOSES 2.2 correctly simulates the net radiation, but there are discrepancies in the partitioning of turbulent and storage heat fluxes between predicted and observed values. Of the turbulent fluxes, latent heat fluxes were underpredicted by about one order of magnitude. Multiple model runs revealed MOSES 2.2 to be sensitive to changes in the canopy heat storage and in the ratio between the aerodynamic roughness length and that for heat transfer (temperature). Model performance was optimum with heat capacity values smaller than those generally considered for these sites. The results suggest that the current scheme is probably too simple, and that improvements may be obtained by increasing the complexity of the model.     

集对分析在西安市地下水污染动态评价的应用

选取总固体、总硬度、硝酸盐、氯化物、氟化物、六价铬等六种主要污染物,利用集对分析的方法,将超标率、污染指数和超标面积指数综合起来,对 1985-2003 年西安建成区地下水进行了动态评价.该方法既克服了依靠某年监测值对地下水质的静态空间评价,又可将超标率、污染指数和超标面积综合起来,完成地下水水质的动态评价.     

湖南洛塔屋檐洞水库生态安全指标体系及综合评判

本文以DSR模型为框架建立了湖南洛塔屋檐洞水库生态安全评价指标体系,并引入缀块丰富度密度、聚集度、景观均匀性指数等景观生态学指数,采用层次分析和模糊评判有机结合的综合方法,从生态安全状态、压力、响应三个指标体系角度出发,具体分析了屋檐洞库区自然、社会、经济三方面的生态安全问题,对库区生态安全进行综合评价,评判出屋檐洞水库库区系统生态安全属于安全级别,并根据评价中间结果找出生态安全响应是洛塔中寨水电站建设的潜在生态危险因素,提出建立合理科学的生态补偿机制以及库区生态安全预警系统等对策.     

铜矿资源进口区域评价与决策优化研究

我国铜矿资源的供给能力有限,而其消费需求又在持续扩张,为此导致进口量在逐年递增。根据近几年的统计,我国进口国外铜矿资源产品具有相对稳定的区域分布。对这些区域的进口环境做了初步的评价,筛选出了最为理想的进口靶区。为了以最少的外汇支出换取到我国所需要进口的铜矿资源,并为贸易决策提供支持依据,作者就其进口决策优化方面做了一些分析。     

九江市城市建设用地地质环境质量评价

通过对九江市地质环境的调查与客观实际情况分析,选取地质灾害、已有资源和河流侵蚀作用等作为敏感因子;选取地形坡度、斜坡高度、基岩埋深等作为重要因子;采用层次分析法确定评价因子权重,采用多目标决策的敏感因子-模糊聚类综合评判法对九江市城市建设用地地质环境质量评价。评价共划分出1277个单元,评价结果显示:建设用地环境质量优越的单元占总评价面积的65.86%,较好、简单改善后可建设的单元占15.35%,中等、一般需要一定工程措施的建设用地占1.57%,其它较差的和不适于建设用地的单元仅占17.22%。这个结果对九江市城市规划、建设、管理提供相应的地质环境信息,最大限度实现城市建设与地质资源环境的优化配置,达到城市建设安全、合理、经济的目的。从而也证明了多目标决策的敏感因子-模糊聚类综合评判法对解决城市建设用地质量评价不失为一种好的理论方法和手段。     

中国煤层气选区评价标准探讨

煤层气选区评价关系到勘探的成功与否,是煤层气勘探研究最基础的工作。近年国内外煤层气成藏理论、开发技术的快速发展,使得低煤阶气藏、连续薄层气藏、高煤阶低渗气藏等都获得成功开发,大大拓宽了煤层气的开发领域。此前国内在中煤阶成藏优势论基础上建立的选区标准已不适合当前的要求。根据当前存在的问题,结合煤层气成藏类型、地质特点和技术现状,对中国煤层气勘探选区评价标准进行了研究,试图建立一套煤层气选区评价标准,以期对国内煤层气选区评价工作提供借鉴。     

瞬态瑞雷面波勘探技术在工程勘察评价中的应用

文章介绍了瞬态瑞雷面波勘探技术的理论基础和勘探原理、工作方法、资料的整理与解释，并结合工程实例说明瞬态面波勘探技术的应用效果。     

基于组件式GIS的唐山市区环境地质评价

唐山市区地质环境条件复杂,构造发育,多种地质灾害频繁发生。因此,进行唐山市区环境地质评价具有重要现实意义。本文在综合分析唐山市区地质环境状况的基础上,基于组件式GIS工具MO,利用模糊综合评判方法,对唐山市区进行了环境地质评价,将评价结果划分为质量不同的4类区域,为城市的发展及规划提供依据。