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351.
投影寻踪模型在地下水水质评价中的应用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
文中分析了常用的水体质量评价模型的缺陷,提出了基于序列二次规划算法SQP(Sequentialquadraticprogramming)的投影寻踪评价模型,并利用多项式插值的方法进行水质分类,取得了符合客观实际的评价结果。某水源地地下水质量评价结果表明:用投影寻踪方法可以揭示高维数据的结构特征;所建立的评价模型不仅简单、直观和易于理解,而且结果合理。为水源地的保护和合理利用提供了决策依据。 相似文献
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354.
Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation: A Holistic Approach 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
Risk has been defined, for management purposes, as the potential economic, social and environmental consequences of hazardous
events that may occur in a specified period of time. However, in the past, the concept of risk has been defined in a fragmentary
way in many cases, according to each scientific discipline involved in its appraisal. From the perspective of this article,
risk requires a multidisciplinary evaluation that takes into account not only the expected physical damage, the number and
type of casualties or economic losses, but also the conditions related to social fragility and lack of resilience conditions,
which favour the second order effects (indirect effects) when a hazard event strikes an urban centre. The proposed general
method of urban risk evaluation is multi hazard and holistic, that is, an integrated and comprehensive approach to guide decision-making.
The evaluation of the potential physical damage (hard approach) as the result of the convolution of hazard and physical vulnerability
of buildings and infrastructure is the first step of this method. Subsequently, a set of social context conditions that aggravate
the physical effects are also considered (soft approach). In the method here proposed, the holistic risk evaluation is based
on urban risk indicators. According to this procedure, a physical risk index is obtained, for each unit of analysis, from
existing loss scenarios, whereas the total risk index is obtained by factoring the former index by an impact factor or aggravating
coefficient, based on variables associated with the socio-economic conditions of each unit of analysis. Finally, the proposed
method is applied in its single hazard form to the holistic seismic risk evaluation for the cities of Bogota (Colombia) and
Barcelona (Spain). 相似文献
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356.
火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中银含量的测量不确定度评定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》,以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中的银含量为例,对测量结果进行不确定度评定。分析了不确定度的重要来源,包括称样质量、标准工作溶液、工作曲线拟合、试液定容体积及测量重复性等引入的不确定度分量组成。对各不确定度分量进行分析计算,求得标准不确定度为1.56,扩展不确定度为3.12。 相似文献
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358.
MICHAEL BIRD SUSAN COWIE REA HAWKES† BEN HORTON† COLIN MACGREGOR JIN EONG ONG‡ AILEEN TAN SHAU HWAI§ TEH TIONG SA¶ ZULFIGAR YASIN§ 《The Geographical journal》2007,173(2):103-117
We report the results of a study of the physical characteristics and socio-economic impacts of the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 26 December 2004 on the tourist island of Langkawi, Malaysia. In comparison with many other locations struck by the tsunami, the immediate physical and socio-economic impacts in Langkawi were relatively minor. A detailed survey of the watermark and ground elevations was undertaken in the worst affected area between Sungei Kuala Teriang and Sungei Kuala Melaka. Here, the tsunami reached a maximum elevation of 4.29 m as it crossed the coast, with a maximum flow depth of 2.0 m and a very consistent run-up elevation relative to mean sea level of 300 ± 10 cm. The tsunami inundated inshore areas for 300 m and penetrated inland along creeks for 500–1000 m. Structural damage to buildings was confined to within 50–150 m of the shoreline where about 10% of the houses were completely destroyed and 60–70% suffered significant structural damage. Damage was particularly severe in areas where there was no engineered coastal protection, but while coastal revetments did provide enhanced protection for houses at the waterfront, the coastline in the study area appeared to be more heavily impacted than elsewhere in Langkawi because wave energy was focused on the area by offshore breakwaters built to protect the Langkawi port and airport. Emergency response after the tsunami was rapid and efficient but would have been improved if the local police station had not been rendered inoperative by the first wave, and if a mechanism had been in place to ensure that informal advance warnings transmitted between Phuket (Thailand), Langkawi and Penang (Malaysia) by tourist operators could have been more widely disseminated. 相似文献
359.
农业生产对气候变化的脆弱性研究方法初探 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
刘文泉 《南京气象学院学报》2002,25(2):214-220
在总结脆弱性的定义与介绍相关研究方法的基础上,提出了农业生产对气候变化的脆弱性的初步定义、研究思路、指标体系及计算方法,并讨论了区域农业生产对气候变化影响的适应对策应遵循的有关原则。 相似文献
360.
通过 1:5 0 0 0 0数字高程模型生产实践 ,对生产过程中容易出现问题的环节提出了相应的质量控制方法 相似文献