基于谱元法的各向异性黏弹性介质地震波场模拟和分析

基于谱元法计算理论,通过坐标旋转算法实现任意各向异性黏弹性介质中的地震波场计算,研究复合介质中地震波场特征。根据计算结果,qSV波表现为剪切滞弹性形变,qP波表现为膨胀滞弹性形变;品质因子不仅影响地震波振幅,还影响其传播频率;黏弹性介质吸收高频快,在一定频率范围内,黏弹性介质没有频散现象。     

一维问题的等效远置动力人工边界条件

在土-结构动力相互作用分析中,黏性人工边界条件和黏弹性人工边界条件虽具有计算效率和精度较高的优点,但施加边界单元的工作量较大;远置边界虽然具有处理技术简单、精度高等优点,但又存在计算成本高的问题。为克服黏性人工边界和黏弹性人工边界施加边界黏弹性单元工作量大、远置边界计算成本高的缺点,基于波的传播理论和波在介质交界面上的反射、透射原理,通过设置完全透射层并大大降低波在透射层的传播速度的方法,提出了一种等效远置动力人工边界条件并对其进行数值验证分析。研究结果表明,所提出的等效远置动力人工边界条件仅需通过合理选取透射层的参数,即可实现反射波向无限地基传播的模拟,具有精度和效率较好、不需施加边界单元工作量等优点,可应用到土-结构动力相互作用分析当中。     

Research for time-temperature equivalence effect of rock (I):Theory research

In order to know about the rheological properties of rock in a long range of the time scale,method of increasing temperature was brought forward to accelerate the rheological process of rock,which could extend the time scale of experimental test data.Firstly,based on the generalized linear viscoelastic constitutive equation with temperature variable,the creep behavior of rock was divided into three types according to the different strain dependences of the time,that is,Hookean deformation,Newtonian flow,and retarded elasticity.Then the general equivalence relationship between time parameter and temperature parameter was derived for each type of strain.Finally,the relation between time parameter and temperature parameter in the whole creep was considered and the general theory of time-temperature equivalence effect(TTEE) of rock was established.This research reveals: ①The temperature effect on the instantaneous strain could be modified through vertical shift.②The key point of the TTEE of Newtonian flow depends on whether in the study of linear viscoelastic behavior of rock change of temperature is completely equivalent to a shift of the logarithmic time scale or not.③By plotting the results of a creep experiment performed at different temperatures and comparing the curves obtained,one can decide whether the rock considered have TTEE.④The TTEE of the whole creep should satisfy that the horizontal shift function of Newtonian flow and retarded elasticity is consentaneous.     

适用于更广渗透率范围含泥质砂岩的广义粘弹性BISQ模型

To simultaneously take into account the Biot-flow mechanism, the squirt-flow mechanism, and the frame-viscoelasticity mechanism, a generalized viscoelastic BISQ （Biot/squirt） model is developed for wave propagation in clay-bearing sandstones based on Dvorkin＇s elastic BISQ model. The present model is extended to a wide range of permeabilities （k 〉 0.05 mD） by introducing a dimensionless correction factor for viscoelastic parameters, defined as a function of the permeability and the clay content. We describe the frame＇s stress-strain relationship of the clay-bearing sandstones by the differential constitutive equations of generalized viscoelasticity and then derive the viscoelastic-wave dynamic equations. With the assumption of a plane-wave solution, we finally yield the phase velocities and the attenuation coefficients by solving the dynamic wave equations in the frequency and wave number domain. The comparison of numerical results and experimental data shows that the generalized viscoelastic BISQ model is applicable for modeling the wave propagation in most of the sandstones mainly bearing kaolinite clay.     

初期支护对软岩隧道围岩稳定性和位移影响分析

软弱岩体隧道开挖后,围岩变形具有异常显著的流变性。基于Poyting-Thomoson模型,对隧道围岩位移进行了粘弹性解析分析,根据所得出的解析解,结合渝（重庆）沙（长沙）高速公路石龙隧道位移监控量测实践,对初期支护后隧道围岩变形特征量进行了分析对比,结果表明,理论曲线能较好地反映围岩实际位移变化特征。最后通过将支护前后围岩受力状态与单轴和三轴应力状态岩石蠕变进行类比,得知初期支护在一定程度上减小了围岩的最终变形量,可以有效地抑制隧道围岩的变形速率。其结果为确定合理的二次支护时机提供了理论依据,对同类隧道的施工支护具有很好的指导意义和较高的参考价值。     

一种分析软土黏弹性的分数导数开尔文模型

软土是一种黏、弹、塑性材料,采用分数微积分模型来研究软土的蠕变规律目前尚未见到。选取了珠江三角洲南沙地区典型软土作为研究对象,在对其进行大量相关试验的基础上,采用含分数阶导数的开尔文模型来模拟该地区软土的蠕变规律,讨论了含分数阶导数的开尔文模型的蠕变柔量和松驰模量及其应用。与传统的开尔文模型相比较,分数阶导数的开尔文模型可以更好地拟合蠕变曲线,而且其形式简单、统一,在计算过程中需要调整的参数很少。可以预见,含分数阶导数的开尔文体在软土的流变本构研究领域及其计算中将有着广泛的应用前景。     

Influence of the quality factor on simulated seismic waves: A case study of the 1994 Northridge earthquake

In numerical simulations of ground motion, the constant quality factor Q of a viscoelastic medium can be determined using the time-domain constitutive approximation method of the generalized standard linear solid (GSLS) model. This study introduces a numerical seismic wavefield simulation method which combines the spectral element method with the constant-Q model. The method is used to simulate the seismic wavefield of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The optimal attenuation coefficient for the simulated seismic waves in this study area is determined empirically based on a quantitative analysis of the deviation curve. Further, the effect of the quality factor on the simulated wavefield are analyzed according to the site characteristics of each seismic station. The quality factor shows a variable effect on the different frequency components of the simulated wavefield. The effect of the quality factor also varies with the characteristic parameters of each seismic station site, such as site velocity structure, fault distance, and azimuth angle.     

软岩立井井壁与流变岩体相互作用的实验分析

利用流变介质模型，分析软岩立并并壁与粘弹塑性围岩的相互作用。根据现场实测结果及围岩压力与时间的关系，得到围岩应力、位移随时间的变化规律和粘塑性区的扩展规律。