地震立体层析成像的实现方法及效果分析

立体层析成像是一种新的地震反射波层析成像方法,能为叠前深度偏移提供较为精确的宏观速度模型。本文研究了立体层析成像的实现方法,包括斜率与走时数据的拾取、离散速度模型构建和初始化、射线参数的确定、斜率和走时及射线计算以及反演问题解法等,建立立体层析成像的算法流程。并通过对Marmousi模型试验,对立体层析成像运行所需的主要参数,如初始速度模型、拾取数据量、离散网格尺寸、速度平滑权重等进行测试和分析,总结这些不同参数对立体层析反演结果的影响规律,用以指导生产实践。     

Effects of fabric anisotropy on elastic shear modulus of granular soils

The fabric anisotropy of a granular soil deposit can strongly infl uence its engineering properties and behavior. This paper presents the results of a novel experimental study designed to examine the effects of fabric anisotropy on smallstrain stiffness and its evolution with loading on the elastic shear modulus of granular materials under a K0 condition. Two primary categories of fabric anisotropy, i.e., deposition-induced and particle shape-induced, are investigated. Toyoura sand deposits with relative densities of 40% and 80% were prepared using deposition angles oriented at 0o and 90o. Piezoelectric transducers were used to obtain the elastic shear modulus in the vertical and horizontal directions(Gvh and Ghh). The measurements indicate distinct differences in the values of G with respect to the different deposition angles. Particle shapeinduced fabric anisotropy was examined using four selected sands. It was concluded that sphericity is a controlling factor dominating the small-strain stiffness of granular materials. The degree of fabric anisotropy proves to be a good indicatorin the characterization of stress-induced fabric evolution during loading and unloading stress cycles. The experimental data were used to calibrate an existing micromechanical model, which was able to represent the behavior of the granular material and the degree of fabric anisotropy reasonably well.     

粤闽赣交界区波速比特征研究

根据多台和达法,利用广东、福建、江西三省数字地震观测记录对粤闽赣交界区及邻区波速比特征进行研究,获取了具有参考价值的结果：粤闽赣交界地区沿海一侧明显比内陆地区波速比要高;约在北纬24°,东经114°处,处走向北东方向上是波速变化比较明显的分界线,该分界线可能是由于地下两侧的岩石岩性不同造成的,或与该地区介质物理性质和化学性质存在变异关有,也可能与此地区地震应力场变化有一定关系。     

Application of passive source surface-wave method in site engineering seismic survey

Site engineering seismic survey provides basic data for seismic effect analysis. As an important parameter of soil, shear-wave velocity is usually obtained through wave velocity testing in borehole. In this paper, the passive source surface-wave method is introduced into the site engineering seismic survey and practically applied in an engineering site of Shijingshan District. By recording the ubiquitous weak vibration on the earth surface, extract the dispersion curve from the surface-wave components using the SPAC method and obtain the shear-wave velocity structure from inversion. Over the depth of 42 m underground, it totally consists of five layers with interface depth of 3.31, 4.50, 7.23, 17.41, and 42.00 m; and shear-wave velocity of 144.0, 198.3, 339.4, 744.2, and 903.7 m/s, respectively. The inversion result is used to evaluate site classification, determine the maximum shear modulus of soil, provide basis for further seismic hazard analysis and site assessment or site zoning, etc. The result shows that the passive source surface-wave method is feasible in the site engineering seismic survey and can replace boreholes, shorten survey period, and reduce engineering cost to some extent.     

A climatic dataset of ocean vertical turbulent mixing coefficient based on real energy sources

Using data on wind stress, significant height of combined wind waves and swell, potential temperature, salinity and seawater velocity, as well as objectively-analyzed in situ temperature and salinity, we established a global ocean dataset of calculated wind- and tide-induced vertical turbulent mixing coefficients. We then examined energy conservation of ocean vertical mixing from the point of view of ocean wind energy inputs, gravitational potential energy change due to mixing (with and without artificially limiting themixing coefficient), and K-theory vertical turbulent parameterization schemes regardless of energy inputs. Our research showed that calculating the mixing coefficient with average data and artificial limiting the mixing coefficient can cause a remarkable lack of energy conservation, with energy losses of up to 90% and changes in the energy oscillation period. The data also show that wind can introduce a huge amount of energy into the upper layers of the Southern Ocean, and that tidesdo so in regions around underwater mountains. We argue that it is necessary to take wind and tidal energy inputs into account forlong-term ocean climate numerical simulations. We believe that using this ocean vertical turbulent mixing coefficient climatic dataset is a fast and efficient method to maintain the ocean energy balance in ocean modeling research.     

天然与风干状态下冷生亚黏土的崩解形态特征

土的崩解形态是描述土的崩解过程及探讨其崩解机理重要的必要条件之一,选取了一种高孔隙率、粉黏粒含量较高,且不具有湿陷性的原状冷生轻质亚黏土作为研究对象,对其天然含水量及风干含水量状态下的土样品进行崩解试验. 结果表明：天然状态的土样呈块状崩解,而风干状态下的呈鳞片状崩解,且鳞片状崩解的强度及平均速率都大于块状崩解;块状崩解的速率随时间变化较为缓和,而鳞片状崩解的速率随时间变化起伏较大. 崩解形态与崩解速率有着紧密的对应关系,与崩解形态相对比,发现崩解速率降低的过程是水侵入土样,且土样中空气压力增大的过程,而速率上升的过程则是土样崩解的过程.     

新疆喀什西部新一代天气雷达产品的冰雹预警指标研究

2010年以来喀什地区冰雹频繁,严重危害当地农业生产. 通过整理分析2009-2012年喀什新一代天气雷达监测资料,结合我国中东部地区基于雷达监测的冰雹预警指标,经过对喀什西部的18次冰雹天气过程中新一代天气雷达监测预警指标的分析,归纳出了喀什西部新一代雷达产品的冰雹预警指标：（1）组合反射率≥50 dBz;（2）回波顶高≥9 km;（3）云体垂直液态水含量≥20 kg·m^-2. 根据该预警指标对喀什西部2011-2012年冰雹过程进行回报预警,准确率达到84.6%. 以有详细降雹时间记录的14次冰雹过程为例,分析喀什西部基于雷达监测产品的冰雹预警时效,14次个例中冰雹预警时效平均为27 min. 选取2012年5月13日、5月23日和2013年6月18日3次强冰雹过程个例,分析冰雹出现前后喀什新一代天气雷达的连续监测资料表明：3次过程中降雹开始时间对应雷达监测值达到最大（高）值时刻;组合反射率与回波顶高首先达到预警指标,垂直液态含水量达到预警指标的时间滞后11~19 min;3项雷达产品均达到冰雹预警指标的时间比实际发布冰雹预警时间早7~17 min,喀什西部冰雹预警时效潜力可以增加到30 min以上. 在喀什西部,应用新一代天气雷达监测产品开展冰雹实时预警业务是可行的,对提高当地冰雹灾害防御能力提供了有力的技术支持.     

隧道穿越引起地下管线竖向位移的能量变分分析方法

隧道穿越引起的地层位移可能造成地下管线变形过大或断裂等事故,引起工程界的高度关注。基于假定的地下管线竖向位移分布模式,通过能量方法建立变分控制方程,提出了求解隧道穿越地下管线竖向位移的能量变分解法,运用叠加原理将单线隧道解答延拓至双线隧道中。与离心机试验和工程实例的对比,验证了方法的正确性。通过参数计算,分析了管材弹性模量、管线埋深、地层损失率等相关因素对地下管线竖向位移的影响规律,研究结论具有工程参考价值。     

基坑工程平面竖向弹性地基梁法中土的水平抗力比例系数反分析研究

提出了一种结合Ucode反分析软件和Abaqus有限元分析软件,并根据围护墙实测变形来反分析基坑工程平面竖向弹性地基梁法中土的水平抗力比例系数的方法。重点讨论了反分析的原理和实现流程,给出了反分析过程中迭代控制参数的确定方法及待估参数取值的确定方法。通过参数敏感分析可找到对围护结构变形影响较大的土层,针对起主导作用的土层m值进行反分析,既可提高迭代效率,又能保证反分析结果的准确性。实际工程反分析的结果表明,计算值与实测围护墙变形吻合得很好。在此基础上,根据多个测孔的反分析结果给出了各层土的水平抗力比例系数的建议取值。     

顶管推进引起施工场地竖向附加荷载分析

基于层状体系解析刚度矩阵理论解,结合5节点Gauss-Legendre求积公式,提出了层状地基中顶管施工正面附加推力、掘进机与土体之间摩擦力以及共同作用力引起的附加荷载计算方法,分析了顶管推进引起的土体竖向附加荷载分布规律,也研究了地基等效均质性、土层力学参数、计算点间距以及顶管埋深等因素对顶管施工诱发附加荷载的影响效应。研究结果表明,掘进摩擦力引起的附加荷载在掘进面前方迅速达到压应力峰值,其量值大小和影响范围均要大于正面附加推力,是顶管施工引起临近地层附加荷载的主要影响因素。此外,层状地基土体参数的改变会对顶管施工扰动地层的附加荷载产生一定影响,地基等效均质性、计算点间距以及顶管埋深等因素对附加荷载大小及分布均存在显著影响。成果可为合理制定顶管开挖对周围土工环境的保护措施提供一定理论依据,也可为其他盾构隧道工程提供一定的理论参考。