Employment growth,human capital and educational levels: uneven urban and regional development in Denmark 2002–2012

Contemporary studies in urban and regional development stress the importance of large city-regions as key places in modern capitalism taking the form of agglomerations of economic activities by industries, firms and highly skilled people. In this article, we challenge the strong focus on academic human capital in understanding regional growth. We examine to what extent different labour competences and capabilities relate to municipal employment growth using nine stratified, educational categories as proxies for different levels of human capital. Dividing municipalities into four spatial categories ranging from the urban to the peripheral, we conclude that there is a strong spatial distinction of educational structures with an urban bias, and that educational categories other than academic human capital can make an important contribution to our understanding of what drives employment growth on the municipal level.     

The relationship between walkability and neighborhood social environment: The importance of physical and perceived walkability

This study examines how both physical and perceived walkability is associated with neighborhood social environment. We analyze walkability and the 2004 Homeowner Survey data conducted in Franklin County, Ohio, and employ structural equation modeling. The empirical analysis shows that perceived walkability enhances neighborhood social environment while physical walkability does not. This study suggests that the negative relationship between physical walkability and neighborhood social environment is related to a spatial intersection between high physical walkability and socio-economic distress.     

Wage inequality between financial hubs and periphery

The observation that large cities pay higher wages for the same skilled work has caught the attention of scholars recently. The urban wage premium thesis suggests that urban sorting, skill matching and learning externalities in large cities result in a spatial wage gap between large and small cities. In this paper, a different spatial lens of wage premium is examined. Specifically, we hypothesize that the wage premium phenomenon may be more prominent between networked and less networked cities than between large and small cities. We test this hypothesis on skilled financial workers and their human capital networks. The results indicate that the financial human capital network is structured spatially around hubs and peripheral cities. Wage inequality is significant between centrally located hubs and peripherally located cities compared to large and small cities. The findings provide evidence for a networked city wage premium, suggesting that information and resource connections structured by skilled individuals contribute to wage differences between cities.     

REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF CAPITAL MARKET OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA’S MAINLAND

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当前我国矿业改革与发展的资本市场问题

通过对我国大型矿山企业基本情况的分析提出了推进资产重组的必要性和建议 ,认为走股份制道路是其有效途径。并充分利用现有政策、措施和两个市场 ,两种资源 ,促进企业扭亏为盈 ,对资产重组中可能出现的几个问题提出了看法。     

伴随资金流的技术溢出

以上市高新技术企业为例,通过建立Tobit模型,实证分析了股东技术水平对企业创新绩效的影响,进而探讨资金流带来的技术溢出机制。研究发现：高新技术企业与股东呈现出分离的空间布局特征,其中股东和资金流空间主要分布在中国的东部地区;股东技术水平对被投资企业创新绩效有正向影响并表现出稳健的结果;同时,股东作为区域外联系的对象,其投资行为使得创新主体之间相互作用的门槛更低,通过建立通畅的知识人才互动管道和更低的研发合作门槛,实现了技术溢出。并做出以下建议：资金流带动的技术外溢增加了技术学习的新路径,创新落后地区在引入高新技术企业限制的情况下,可引入携带技术的资金以达到补充效果。     

首都圈地区跨断层形变观测与地壳应力场

通过首都圈地区11个跨断层测点的形变观测资料,将断层两盘作为不变形的刚体来分析断面相对滑动与地表两盘点位相对位移的定量关系,并以唐山地震及其余震为时间界限,将所得的断层滑动矢量分为2大时段,拟合区域2个不同时段的现今地壳上部应力状态,发现首都圈地区依据跨断层形变观测资料反演的地壳上部应力状态在唐山地震前后存在着较为明显的变化特征:1)第1时段(唐山地震及其余震期间),地壳应力状态以NNE-SSW向挤压,NWW-SEE向拉张为主要特征,反映该区构造应力场在NNE-SSW向的构造应力作用是逐渐增强的;在NWW-SEE向,其构造应力作用相对于NNE-SSW向有所减弱,表现为相对松弛状态.2)第2时段,在唐山地震及其余震之后的3个次级时段内,地壳上部应力状态以NNW-SSE向拉张为主要特征,表明在唐山地震及其余震之后,研究区的构造应力作用一直处于近SN向的松弛状态.     

乡村产业发展对农户生计的影响研究——以宁夏红寺堡区为例

梳理产业选择与培育的经验,分析产业发展对农户生计的影响,对于促进生态移民区的乡村产业振兴、农户生计恢复与可持续发展具有重要意义.论文以中国最大单体移民迁入区宁夏吴忠市红寺堡区为研究区,针对4大乡村产业各选1个样本村,采用问卷调查法和半结构访谈法获取数据,在比较不同产业投入产出效益的基础上,探究不同产业发展对移民生计产出...     

上海市风险投资企业的空间分布与“技术—资本”地理邻近性

风险投资企业与“标的”产业、金融行业存在紧密关联,表现为“技术—资本”的耦合性联系。该特征如何映射在空间上,尤其是经济密度较高的城市内部空间,对于理解区位的重要性及其空间尺度一致性具有启示。以上海市街区为基本研究单元,选取2005年和2015年两个时间截面,运用核密度估计、时序稳定性“热点”和空间Tobit模型分析方法,从中外资比较视角探讨风险投资企业的空间分布与“技术—资本”地理邻近性。研究表明：① 中外资企业分别呈现单中心和多中心集聚格局,以及“面域扩散”和“点域扩散”趋势,并均表现出邻近“技术”与“资本”的分布特征;② 风险投资企业的“资本”地理邻近性超越“技术”地理邻近性,并在“技术”地理邻近性中,风险投资企业与高科技产业的地理邻近关系超越新创企业。同时,中外资企业的“技术—资本”地理邻近性差异主要体现在,中资企业的“资本”地理邻近性强于外资企业,外资企业的“技术”地理邻近性偏重于“技术”中的创业层面,而中资企业则偏重于“技术”中的高科技产业层面。③ 随时间的变化,中外资企业具有不同的区位模式偏好及时间演变特征,但“资本”地理邻近型、“技术”地理邻近型、“技术—资本”地理邻近型和自身集聚型这四类典型区位模式始终稳定存在。研究认为促进区位内部企业间的多维邻近性和互动联系,对基于“知识和风险资本”的创新集群和创新空间发展具有重要的实践意义。     

地方政府主导下的资本循环与城市化：以鄂尔多斯康巴什新区为例

以鄂尔多斯市康巴什新区为例,对其发展过程中的资本循环和政府作用进行分析,并提出“地方政府主导下的资本循环”这一研究框架。研究表明,新区的建设包含3个资本循环的过程,分别是煤炭的资本化,土地、基础设施、房地产的资本化,以及向先进制造业和第三产业的资本流动。通过一系列行政手段,地方政府主导了3次循环中的资本积累,以及资本在3次循环之间的转换。