都市近郊区旅游型乡村宅院功能演化特征及影响因素——以北京市怀柔区莲花池村为例

旅游型乡村宅院功能转变是乡村功能转型的显性表达,探究宅院功能转变的过程、特征和影响因素,对实现乡村旅游地可持续发展至关重要。论文以北京市怀柔区莲花池村为例,采取半结构式访谈、参与式观察、GIS空间分析和遥感影像相结合的方法,梳理了莲花池村2000—2020年149处宅院功能演化的具体过程,剖析了工商资本下乡背景下,此类乡村宅院功能转变特征和影响因素。结果表明：① 宅院功能演化在居住功能与旅游生产功能之间具有往复性,旅游业态类型从多元走向极化;② 宅院功能的空间分异,是资本实力和经营方式差异的空间投影,区位优劣对于不同经营业态而言具有相对性;③ 宅院功能变迁伴随着使用主体置换,外来者对于推动宅院功能升级作用显著;④ 政府政策和内、外资本对宅院功能转变的作用,表现出阶段性的主次、强弱、显隐差异。莲花池村宅院功能转变历经村外资本和政府双轮驱动、政府调控主导、政府管控和村内与村外资本竞争并行的3个阶段,农户从响应到顺应,最后退出经营。     

调整人力资源的供给结构促进人力资源向人力资本的转变

“人力资源是第一资源”。在社会主义市场经济条件下，只有通过市场实现人力资源向人力资本的转变，人力资源才能作为现实的生产力要素发挥作用。否则只是消耗资源的消费者，而且是生产力发展的压迫因素。教育是人力资源的再生产环节，决定着人力资源的供给结构。我国现阶段人力资源向人力资本转变过程中存在的困难，一个重要原因就是人力资源的供给结构与市场的需求不相适应。所以必须通过发展和改革教育，促进人力资源向人力资本的转变。     

ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL FLOW WITH GIS——Two Approaches for Reional Investment in China

GIS technology has been mostly concerned with handling physical data and modeling physical environment .However,the requirements of GIS for handling socio-ecnomic information in many cases are different from those concerning phenomena in the physical environment ,Analysis of capital flow among regions requires the transitions both from economic values to physical landscape and from physical surfa ce to econmoic explanation.Rapid growth of Chinese economy comes mainly from investment.There are wto main ways for obtaining high growth of investment ,One is government expenditure which usually invests in regional facility and amenity block ,which is regarded as stimulus for attracting investment.The other is the creation of investing center and corresponding capital source areas ,both of which need the central city with the highest growth rate of investment among regions.This paper presents the cluster areas of both government revenue and total investment ,the potential situation of capital flow between central city Shanghai and its neighbor provinces by using “Classification“ and “Interpolation“ functions of ArcView GIS.     

中国地质工作转型升级中的资金投入特征

通过对当前地质工作转型升级时期的资金投入分析,梳理了财政投入和社会资金的现状特征和问题,进而提出了对策建议。研究结果显示,中国的地质工作正处于转型升级期,在资金投入上主要表现出资金投下滑总体趋势放缓、矿产勘查资金供需矛盾突出、新旧动能转换引领投资分化、科技和信息化投入仍需提升、投入空间格局正发生转变五大特征。研究认为,为进一步优化资金投入以适应新的发展形势,应该以中长期战略引领投资布局,强化两级财政的协同配合,多措并举吸引社会资本注入,完善财政投入评估调整机制。     

A global index for measuring socio-spatial segregation versus integration

The article suggests a global index that measures segregation/integration in social space on one continuum. We assume that social space is the context of human agency, stimulating some modes of action and turning down other modes of action, but still leaving a room for active agency. Accordingly, we introduce the concept of socio-spatial lifestyle and we define segregation/integration as one aspect of socio-spatial lifestyle. The index is multidimensional relating to residential and activity spaces and to the sources of recruiting social, cultural and emotional capitals in either intra or inter ethnic sources.A case study of Arabs in Israel is tested showing the relatively high segregation of Arabs in terms of accumulating social capital even when Arabs commute to Jewish spaces and live in Jewish neighborhoods or mixed cities.     

社会资本、旅游参与意识对居民参与旅游的影响效应分析——以北京什刹海社区为例

对国内外旅游社区参与程度影响因素的研究虽然比较全面与系统,但对于社会资本影响因素以及社会资本和社区旅游参与意识共同影响社区旅游参与方面的研究比较少见。以北京什刹海社区为例,通过问卷调查,建立了结构方程模型。研究结果表明,城市旅游社区中的社会资本、居民旅游参与意识对旅游社区居民参与具有正向影响,旅游参与意识是社会资本对社区居民参与影响的重要中介变量,且具有正向调节作用。提出了加强社区居民参与意识和培育社区社会资本的建议。     

Participant perceptions of consensus-based,marine mammal take reduction planning

This study employs Structural Equation Models (SEMs) to systematically analyze the components of a multi-stakeholder negotiation in an applied setting. It characterizes participant perceptions of a multi-stakeholder, consensus-based negotiation process used to reduce harmful interactions between marine mammals and fishing gear in U.S. waters (marine mammal Take Reduction Teams). From April to July 2013, 234 current and former participants of eight Take Reduction Teams received a survey with 15 questions about the negotiation process, outputs (Take Reduction Plans), and outcomes. The SEMs depict relationships among the latent variables of social capital and shared learning, fairness, stakeholder satisfaction with the Take Reduction Plans, and their perceived outcomes. The SEMs also explain the influence of independent predictors of team identity and age, geographic region, and stakeholder affiliation on the latent variables. Results indicate that stakeholder views of fairness significantly influenced their satisfaction with the Take Reduction Plans, which in turn, significantly affected their opinions of the outcomes. While the majority of participants believed the plans were at least slightly successful at reducing marine mammal bycatch, this varied among teams and was significantly influenced by stakeholder affiliation, region, and Take Reduction Team age.     

Townscapes of power

From the 1850s onward, the quest for an impressive capital city was answered by Haussmann's transformation of central Paris. His interventions combined the cutting of new arteries, slum clearance and embellishment.His approach had a great visual impact on foreign visitors. The Prefect made use of the proven instruments of axiality and proportion to create an awe-inspiring townscape. One of the highlights was the new Opera. Its surroundings were razed to place it in a proper perspective.The townscape of Paris soon found its emulators in Brussels, Budapest and Rome, which copied Haussmann's strategy. London and Amsterdam were tempted to follow. But most plans for new boulevards and slum clearance failed. In both cities, central areas fell prey to commercial land use, pockmarked with slums. Civic pride did provide the ingredients deemed necessary for a capital. But these lacked the scenography to place them in a proper perspective.Such a scenography required political, financial and legal tools to intervene in the built environment that were available in nations with a centralist and authoritarian political system. They were absent in liberal laissez-faire and decentralist nations such as Great Britain and The Netherlands.The lack of powerful intervention in central London and Amsterdam caused a flight to the city's fringes, where estate owners occasionally realised suburban design gems. In their colonies, however, both nations succeeded in creating impressive new capitals. La beauté d'un monument public doit être une émanation éclatante et directe du génie vivant de tous, une profession de foi esthétique de la race. Aussi l'architecte n'est-il, par moments, que la trompette sonore dans laquelle passe le souffle puissant d'une nation; il résonne alors des vibrations qui sortent des poumons de tout un peuple César DALY, L' architecture privée au XIX^e siècle (sous Napoléon III). Nouvelles maisons de Paris et ses Environs. Paris, 1864–1872. Pp. 11–12.     

首都圈地区中强地震前固体潮调制比特征分析

基于中国全国小震目录,采用固体潮调制比时空扫描方法,对首都圈地区1987年以来的中强地震前固体潮调制比的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明,对于9次M_S≥5.0地震,有7次在震前1 a、震中100 km范围内出现调制比高值异常,地震对应率为78%;高值异常持续时间通常为3~5个月,并多在震前数月内消失。固体潮调制比分析在首都圈地区表现出较好的映震能力,能为该区域中强地震预测提供一定的参考依据。     

广东省残疾人生计资本的空间差异及影响因素研究

运用改进的TOPSIS模型和GIS空间分析方法,对2015年广东省21个地市残疾人生计资本的空间分布特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：① 残疾人生计资本综合水平呈明显的“级差化”分异特征,高生计资本地市以广州、肇庆和清远3市为主,而低生计资本地市分布相对分散,总体表现出“大分散、小集中”的分布格局。② 残疾人不同类型生计资本水平空间差异显著,各类型资本大多处于较低等级,多种资本匹配性较低;社会和金融资本较高区主要分布在粤北地区,人力、康复和物质资本较高区均以广州最高;各类型资本以东部沿海城市及粤西云浮、茂名、阳江等地相对偏低。③ 残疾人生计资本总量具有显著的空间自相关性,热点区和冷点区分布差异明显,总体上表现出集聚分布特征。经分析,政策环境、经济水平、教育培训及康复服务等方面是影响广东省残疾人生计资本空间分布格局的重要因素。